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6 total messages Started by "Najwa" Mon, 17 Jan 2000 00:00
Be wary of spurious RoI boosterism (reposted again)
#99882
Author: "Najwa"
Date: Mon, 17 Jan 2000 00:00
472 lines
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The following are five examples of spurious boosterism from state-sponsored
agencies in the Republic of Ireland. I posted this before but I see no harm
in posting it again, given that I'm way outnumbered by others who are
posting immodest and misleading half-truths about the RoI economy. This
re-post is for the benefit of those who didn't see it before. It is
essentially the very same as a post with nearly the same title dated 5 Jan
2000.


The first example comes from the Irish Industrial Development Agency, the
largest economic development agency. The following appears at their webpage
about the software industry in RoI: "Ireland is the second largest exporter
of software in the world, after the United States. The top 10 independent
software companies in the world have significant operations in Ireland and
today over 40% of all PC package software (including 60% of business
applications software) sold in Europe is produced here."
(http://www.idaireland.com/issw.html). A similar claim is made by the Irish
National Software Directorate, www.nsd.ie.

You might think that a normal person wouldn't be so foolish as to believe
the above poofery. However, my mother is a relatively normal person and she
was under the impression that it was true. The main basis for it is that one
of Microsoft's two packaging plants is located in Ireland. Shrink-wrappped
Windows 98 is shrink-wrapped in Ireland. But the software packaging industry
is properly counted as part of the packaging industry, not the software
industry. In the true software industry, also known as the software
development industry, the single company SAP, headquartered in Germany,
exports more software (in revenue terms) than all software development
operations in the RoI put together. Israel, Canada, UK and many other
countries export much more software than the RoI does -- in the
shrink-wrapped software industry, not the shrink-wrapping industry. None of
the world'd top ten independent software companies has significant
development operations in the RoI; they have localisation testing and
packaging operations. (An exception is California-based Sun Microsystems,
which does have a development team in the RoI, athough Sun isn't an
"independent software company" strictly speaking). US corporate income tax
considerations are the principal reason for locating these packaging
operations in the Republic. In software, there's a big difference between
the sales price of the software product and the "cost of goods sold" -- the
latter being the cost of duplicating the disks and manuals and packaging
them, generally 8% to 10% of the wholesale price of the software product.
This big difference is "gross profits". When these profits can be recognised
in the RoI, they are taxed in the RoI at rates lower than the US corporate
tax rates. They are then repatriated to the US, where they are not subject
to corporate income tax again, due to international treaties. The corporate
tax rate in RoI is 10% or 12%, compared to 34% in the US. When a US company
pays the 10% to the Irish, it escapes having to pay any US corporate income
taxes on the remaining 90%. Some restrictions are placed by US tax
regulations on where and how profits can be recognised: In particular, the
Irish operations generally can't recognise profits in Ireland on any
packages that they export back into the US, but they can indeed recognise
profits in Ireland on packages they export elsewhere. What about
localisation testing? Localisation testing means checking that the software
runs correctly in foreign locales, which have other keyboard configurations,
etc., as well as text in other languages. (By the way, standard software
development practice these days is such that, aside from text translation,
the localisation task is primarily a testing task and not a development
task). Unlike ordinary software testing, localisation testing is not a
tax-deductible expense in the US against profits earned in the US, because
it involves customisations for profits that will be realised overseas. The
same sort of thing goes for other high-tech and medical instruments and
pharmaceutical companies that have set up manufacturing operations in
Ireland. The manufacturing cost of a medical implant device, a
microprocessor, or a drug is a tiny fraction of its selling price. Most of
the overall costs are in marketing and R&D and, in the case of big
successful products, taxes. In these cases it doesn't matter very much
whether the Irish plant is cost efficient in manufacturing terms, because
the manufacturing cost is small compared to the potential taxes. See e.g.
http://www.microsoft.com/msft/ar99/alt_uk.htm. Twelve of the world's top
fifteen pharmaceutical companies have manufacturing plants in Ireland, and
in Puerto Rico, for the same reason. The maximum corporate tax rate in
Puerto Rico is now 7% (down from 14% not long ago). Puerto Rico has a huge
and growing trade surplus, with pharmachems the biggest contributor to it,
as in Ireland. Annual exports of pharmaceuticals are valued at about US$10
billion from Puerto Rico, and US$12 billion from Ireland. Nine out of the
top ten bestselling drugs patented by US companies are manufactured in
Puerto Rico, and 18% of all US drugs are manufactured there. It's no
coincidence that Puerto Rico also happens to be where Microsoft's other
packaging plant is located. It is instructive to read about the medical- and
computer-related manufacturing industries in Puerto Rico, as per the Puerto
Rico Industrial Development Agency, and see the parallels with Ireland:
http://www.pridco.com/english/success/index.html. As a footnote, here's a
quote from the famous Andrew Grove, chairman of Intel, which appeared in the
Irish Times a few months ago. He was speaking about the high-tech industry
as it has developed in Ireland, but he might equally have been speaking
about Puerto Rico. "My impression is this development has been very much
driven by multinational companies. To drive toward the Internet economy,
something else has to happen that is not driven by the multinational
companies. What has to happen, and hasn't yet, is for local companies to be
passionate about this opportunity and pursue it." That is not to deny that
some real software development shops exist in the RoI -- but their number is
small and their markets are small. (A currently incomplete and partial list
of them can be found at http://www.sbpost.ie/itpost/silicon2/index.html).
I've no complaint about low corporate taxes; matter of fact I'd like to see
the whole world adopt low corporate taxes. But I think I have a legitimate
complaint when many citizens, like my mother and even myself, are being
misled by Irish government agencies. It's one thing to promote the country
abroad; it's another thing to misinform people at home.



Here's the next example of spurious boosterism, this time from the website
of Enterprise Ireland, a state agency with overseas offices in two dozen
cities to promote Irish international trade and enterprise: "Ireland's
educational system is ranked as the best in the world at meeting the needs
of a competitive economy, and the general population's level of economic
literacy is ranked number two in the world (behind Singapore)."

The functional literacy and numeracy skills of RoI adults are the lowest of
the English-speaking countries and among the lowest in Europe (more exactly,
the lowest of 12 countries surveyed except Poland). The poorer showing of
the Republic generally holds true even when you look at groups of adults
with equal levels of formal education: Adults in the Republic with a college
degree scored lower than adults in the UK with a college degree, and the
same was true at every other level of formal education as well, and the UK
was one of weaker performers of the 12 countries surveyed. The percent of
youths in the RoI who are not completing upper secondary education is among
the highest in the EU. The college entry and college graduation rates in RoI
are substantially lower than in the other English-speaking countries [by the
way these rates increased substantially in the UK during the nineties]. The
participation rate of RoI adults in lifelong education is among the lowest
in the OECD. RoI school children's scores on international maths and science
tests are at or below the averages for the developed countries. When school
children's level of geographic literacy was tested, Ireland ranked
secondlast out of nine countries tested. I've no idea what's the basis for
Enterprise Ireland's claim that "the general population's level of economic
literacy is ranked number two in the world". There has been no large-scale
or rigourous international test on the matter.

With regard to Enterprise Ireland's claim that "Ireland's educational system
is ranked as the best in the world at meeting the needs of a competitive
economy", I will make just one observation. The new primary school
curriculum guidelines, introduced by the Minister for Education on October
9, 1999, allocate almost as much time to Gaelic as to basic English
comprehension and writing, more time to Gaelic than to maths, far more time
to Gaelic than to science or computers or any other subject -- compulsory
for all children over the age of six.

International data sources for RoI education and literacy standards:

http://www.nald.ca/nls/ials/ialsreps/ialsrpt2/ials2/high4e.htm
[1996 International adult literacy survey, results for 16 to 25 year olds]

http://www.nces.ed.gov/pubs98/condition98/c9821d01.html
[1996 International adult literacy survey, results broken down by formal
education attainments]

http://www.nces.ed.gov/pubs99/condition99/SupTables/supp-table-60-1.html
[1996 Highest educational attainment of adults, broken down by age groups]

http://www.struct.net/OECD1998EducationIndicators.pdf (charts 3, 4 & 5)
[1998 Education Indicators: Overview of the OECD countries, mostly 1996
data]

http://www.irlgov.ie/educ/pdfs/!newgrap.pdf (Figure F)
[1997 Rate of retention in upper second level in RoI in 1997]
http://www.irlgov.ie/educ/pdfs/!newgrap.pdf (Figure N)
[1997 Rate of entry into all forms of third level in RoI in 1997]

http://www.thesis.co.uk/tp/999/OPEN/DDW?W=filename='oecd.html'
[1998 OECD estimates of university entry rates]

http://www.nces.ed.gov/pubs99/digest98/figure30.html
[1995 Estimates of university graduates as percent of theoretical age group]

http://www.irlgov.ie/educ/pdfs/adultedu.pdf
[1998 Participation rates of adults in continuing education]

http://www.nces.ed.gov/pubs/eiip/eiipid08.html
[1991 International maths and science tests, results for 9 and 13 year olds]

http://www.timss.bc.edu/TIMSS1/Highlights.html
[1996 International maths and science tests, results for 9 and 13 year olds]

http://www.nces.ed.gov/pubs/eiip/eiipid09.html
[1991 International geography test, 9 and 13 year olds]

Footnote: Within the last couple of weeks, Enterprise Ireland removed the
statement I quoted above from its website (possibly in response to email by
me). Enterprise Ireland's website now says "The quality of Ireland's
education is exceptionally high", but doesn't offer anything concrete in
support of that. It also says "Ireland has the highest number of students in
third level colleges in Europe on a per capita basis."
(http://www.enterprise-ireland.com/invest-ireland.asp). This latter claim,
if true, would be mostly a reflection of the age structure of the
population, not the quality of the education system. The age structure has a
bulge around the group now attending college, due a high birth rate 20 years
ago, a declining birth rate for the last 15 years, and emigration among the
older age groups. In 1997, the proportion of second level who entered some
form of third level in the Republic was less than 45% (see Figure N at
http://www.irlgov.ie/educ/pdfs/!newgrap.pdf). Meanwhile the same year in
Northern Ireland, for example, the proportion was more than 60% (see
'Destinations of school leavers' at
http://www.deni.gov.uk/statistics/Education%20Statistics.pdf). Also, the
dropout rate in the Republic during the first year of third level is
estimated at more than 25%, higher than Northern Ireland.





Here's the next example of phoney Irish Republic boosterism, this time from
the Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI), a quasi-independent
organisation that regularly gets government contracts to do economic
research. In October 1999 ESRI issued a Medium Term Review and five-year
economic forecast for the Republic. Here's how the ESRI's review and
forecast was reported by the Belfast Telegraph daily newspaper: "[The ESRI
Report says] there has been a significant increase in workers commuting from
the north to the south [of Ireland] to new employment. This has helped
relieve constraints in the Republic while also making a contribution to
reducing unemployment in the North. With the growing success of Dundalk this
pattern of commuting may continue, said the ESRI Report. The ESRI Report
warned that despite the introduction of the European single market Ireland's
two economies are drifting apart in terms of structure and performance and
warned that the North's education system is lagging behind."
(http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/today/oct14/Business/celtci.ncml). That
Belfast Telegraph news article is quoting almost exactly from the summary
Chapter 7 of the ESRI Report, available at the ESRI's website at
http://www.esri.ie/MTRFrames.htm.

Let's look at the facts. The only documented evidence of commuting from
north to south has been to the border town Dundalk. Some people have been
commuting from south Armagh to Dundalk for work, something that should
surprise nobody because Dundalk is the largest nearby town. However this
commuting has been blown out of all proportion by the ESRI report. First,
only about 12,000 jobs exist in and around the Dundalk area and so it's
place in the big picture is small, in north and south. Northern Ireland has
had a net gain of more jobs than that over the past 12 months. Second, as
recently as five years ago (and probably still) Dundalk was classed as one
of the six most deprived areas in the Republic. The town has a higher rate
of high school dropouts, higher proportions of unskilled workers in the
workforce, higher numbers of long-term unemployed, higher percentage living
in government subsidised housing, etc, versus the country as a whole. In
Sept 1998 the unemployment rate in Dundalk was twice the RoI national
average. It's no economic engine of growth. But it has been recovering
recently and along with recovery there's been a growth in the little trickle
from across the border. Third, there was net migration from the Republic to
the North during the decade of the nineties, and in the most recent year for
which figures are available, 97/98. Fourth, in October 1999 the unemployment
rate in NI was not much higher than in RoI (the official NI rate was 6.0%,
while the official RoI rate was five-point-something). Unemployment in the
Newry travel-to-work area north of the border was lower than in the Dundalk
area south of the border. Fifth, NI is the fastest growing economic region
in the UK. Output and productivity are rising heathily in manufacturing in
particular. Wages are higher than in the Republic and wages have been rising
in recent years at a slightly faster rate not counting sterling currency
appreciation. Sixth, education attainments in the North are better than in
the Republic, and have been improving in recent years at a faster rate. In
regard to education the only measure by which the Republic looks slightly
better is the proportion of seventeen year-olds still in school, which is
attributable to GSCEs taken at sixteen in the North while the RoI Leaving
Cert is taken at seventeen. ESRI uses (or abuses) this sole fact as the
basis for its claim that NI education is "lagging behind" the RoI. ESRI
doesn't mention that the average number of years of schooling is higher in
NI for the current cohort of young adults, or that 95% of NI youths complete
the GCSEs, or that GCSE and A Levels results are better in NI than in any
other region of the UK, or that over 60% of NI second-level school leavers
go on to further or higher education, or that the participation rate in
university education is higher in NI than in RoI and rose at a faster rate
in NI during the nineties, or that the two principal NI universities rank at
and above the averages of the principal UK universities by most measures.
ESRI casually says that NI is lagging at third level, without stating a
basis for this claim. On my information and belief, here's their purported
basis for it. 30% of NI-domiciled fulltime undergraduate university students
attend universities in other parts of the UK [meanwhile, by the way, only 2%
choose to study at universities in the Republic] and more than half of these
don't return to NI afterwards. If you don't count the NI-domiciled students
who go to universities in GB, then the RoI's ratio of university graduates
looks a little higher. The two universities in NI (QUB and UU) rank at and
above the averages for the UK universities by measures of assessed teaching
quality, scientific research by staff, qualifications of students on
admission, employment of students after graduation, library and computer
facilities, and other measures. We know this because in-depth evaluations
are routinely performed in the UK university system and put up on the Net
for the benefit of all to see. Meanwhile the Republic's universities
probably rank below the UK averages by most of the same measures.
Unfortunately however, no quality studies have been performed on the RoI
universities, either in an international or national context. We really
don't know how good or not-so-good they are. Here's a quote from an Irish
Dail Education Committee meeting in June 1999: "There are problems in
relation to entry requirements, transition, progression and high drop out
rates.... We do not know the drop out rates in any of our institutes of
technology and universities. Sometimes it can be extremely difficult to get
those statistics or even to know if they are being compiled by the
universities and institutes of technology. We need this basic
information...."

Data Sources:

http://www.columbia.edu/~yt23/Ireland2.html#dundalk
[Dundalk's labour force in the first half of the nineties]

http://www.dedni.gov.uk/statsres/overview/over.htm
[Northern Ireland labour market summary data]

http://www.dedni.gov.uk/statsres/claimant/ue_ind.htm
[Northern Ireland official unemployment data]

http://www.dedni.gov.uk/statsres/qes/qes_eie3.htm
[Northern Ireland annual and quarterly job growth data]

http://www.nisra.gov.uk/dmb/datavalt.htm (the ZIP file)
[Northern Ireland emigration/immigration data]

http://www.dedni.gov.uk/statsres/earnings/nes_ind.htm
[Northern Ireland earnings data]

http://www.northernireland.gov.uk/about.htm
[Northern Ireland economy and business investment facts and figures]

http://www.statistics.gov.uk/statbase/xsdataset.asp?vlnk’8
[Northern Ireland second-level exam results in 1997 compared to rest of UK]

http://www.deni.gov.uk/statistics/pr/pr-23jun99/pr23jun99.htm
[Northern Ireland second-level exam results in 1998]

http://www.deni.gov.uk/statistics/Education%20Statistics.pdf
[Northern Ireland, overview of education statistics, 1986-1998, showing that
the percent of NI school leavers who do not attain at least GCSE level
qualifications has fallen from 20% in 1986 down to 4% in 1998. The percent
who leave school with three or more "A" Levels has doubled since 1986, as
has the entry rate to full-time Higher Education. The number of part-time
undergrads has tripled. The number of fulltime post-grads has more than
doubled.]

http://www.niss.ac.uk/sites/quality.html
[Quality evaluations of the UK universities including QUB and UU]

http://www.deni.gov.uk/statistics/pr/pr-30jun99/table1.pdf
[Northern Ireland domiciled third-level students: Where they are studying]

http://www.irlgov.ie/committees-99/c-education/990630/sect1.htm
[Dail Education Committee notes huge information deficit about quality at
3rd level]

http://www.thesis.co.uk/tp/999/OPEN/DDW?W=filename='oecd.html'
[1998 University entry rate]
http://www.nces.ed.gov/pubs99/digest98/figure30.html
[1995 University graduates as percent of theoretical age group]
http://www.struct.net/OECD1998EducationIndicators.pdf
[1998 Education Indicators Overview of the OECD countries]

Percent of age group achieving at least 5 GCSE grades A*-C in 1996/97:
    Northern Ireland: 53.5% (note: improved to 56.6% in 1997/98)
    United Kingdom: 46%
Percent of age group achieving at least 2 A Levels or at least 3 SCE
highers, 1996/97:
    Northern Ireland: 37%
    United Kingdom: 30%
Source http://www.statistics.gov.uk/statbase/xsdataset.asp?vlnk’8
Try your hand at some GCSE maths questions:
http://www.gcse.com/Maths/hd/hdt.htm




The next example is from the Irish Information Society Commission, an agency
that promotes the use of computers and information technologies in Ireland.
I will quote their recent press releases about internet usage in a moment.
Before I do, let me say that the latest internet usage survey in RoI (Oct
99) shows 12% reported using the internet in the three months prior to the
survey. This compares with over 20% in the UK, over 30% in Australia, and
over 40% in the US and Canada. The Irish figure of 12% for October 1999 was
an increase from 10.5% in June 1999 and 8.5% in November 1998. Also
noteworthy was the attrition rate found in the October 1999 survey: 28%
reported using the internet at least once sometime, but only 12% within the
prior three months. Apparently then, most people who've tried it aren't
going back to it. The Irish Information Society Commission doesn't mention
any of that in their October 1999 press release. Here's what they say: "The
survey showed that 33 per cent of Irish people now have access to the
Internet.... About 28 per cent of people have personally used the Internet
compared to just 5% in 1996." They also say: "The research showed that
students are one of the key groups driving the use of information
communication technologies." To be fair, in a later press release (November
1999) they admit: "Older people in Ireland are not embracing the
technological age as quickly as other markets like the USA where one third
of Internet users are senior citizens.... Inexperience, lack of
understanding of how a computer operates and not knowing what the Internet
is, were the biggest barriers prohibiting Irish people over the age of 35
from using the Internet." However, it is a fact that inexperience, lack of
understanding of how a computer operates, and not knowing what the Internet
is, are equally applicable to senior citizens in the USA. But the US senior
citizens have learned. And the Irish have not. Why? Perhaps the biggest
reason is that practically all the US senior citizens who are using the
internet today were taught basic typing skills back when they were in
school. They know how to type. The keyboard is not a barrier for them.
Whereas few Irish adults know how to type. Interacting with the computer is
a pain for those Irish people who constantly have to look up and down from
the keyboard. Those who controlled the Irish education curriculum thought
that being able to type was absolutely worthless, while being able to say a
few strings of cliches in Gaelic was very valuable. That's judging from the
time allocations they gave to these two subjects in the school curriculum.

Sources:
http://www.nua.net/surveys/how_many_online/index.html
[The principal compiler of internet usage figures in a form permitting
comparisons between countries.]

http://www.ispo.cec.be/polls/EB98.htm
[Results of an EU-wide survey, Nov 98, sponsored by an EU Commission]

http://www.nua.net/surveys/?f=VS&art_id5355443&rel=true
[Internet usage just for Northern Ireland, Nov 1999, not available in the
international comparisons above]

http://www.ireland.com/newspaper/finance/1999/1217/tech5.htm
[Irish Times article decrying low internet usage in RoI]

http://208.55.13.183/cgi-local/nepr.cgi?f=all&c=press&id=9&o=0
http://208.55.13.183/cgi-local/nepr.cgi?f=all&c=press&id&o=0
[Information Society Commission press releases]



Here's the next example of ill-founded boosterism, this time from the websit
e of Bord na Gaeilge, a government agency whose main aim is to promote the
Gaelic language as a vernacular of everyday communication in Ireland. Says
Bord na Gaeilge, "In recent years.... Interest in the Irish language amongst
the wider public has been increasing steadily".
(http://www.bnag.ie/frames/english/irish_today/information_pages/irishtod_bi
z1.html).

The wider public has not been buying books in Gaelic. Best selling books in
Gaelic don't sell over a thousand copies in a year, not counting school
books. Neither are they watching Gaelic television. Gaelic programmes rarely
capture more than 1.5% of available viewers and some good portion of that
1.5% are short-stay channel switchers who don't understand what they are
hearing. Neither is the public going to the Gaeltachts to partake in Gaelic
speaking. About half of the adults who take Gaelic language summer courses
in the Gaeltachts these days are Americans and other non-Irish citizens and
the total numbers involved are just a few thousand not counting teachers.
Neither is the wider public speaking Gaelic closer to home. Over 85% of the
adults who claim the ability to speak Gaelic say that they speak it less
often than once a week or never.

For the first time this century, the 1996 Census had a question about
frequency of usage of Gaelic. Respondents who answered YES to the question
"Can the person speak Irish" were asked to mark a box about frequency of
usage, one of "Daily", "Weekly", "Less often" [than weekly], and "Never". Of
those who marked Daily, 79 percent were school children, and an estimated
further 7 percent were school teachers, most of them primary school
teachers. Outside the Gaeltachts, 50,000 adults said they spoke Gaelic
Daily, of whom about 24,000 are school teachers. 100,000 non-Gaeltacht
adults said they spoke Gaelic Weekly, which represents 4% of the
non-Gaeltacht adult population. To put that in a perspective, consider that
100,000 passengers travel by airplane from the Republic to the UK per week
(www.aer-rianta.ie).

Bord na Gaeilge also claims that "Irish is the living community language in
the Gaeltacht".
(http://www.bnag.ie/frames/english/irish_today/information_pages/irishtod_ga
elt.html). This too is ill-founded and misleading. About 58,000 adults live
in the official Gaeltachts. In the 1996 Census, 21,000 of these adults said
they spoke Gaelic Daily, 5,000 said Weekly, and the remainder marked less
frequently than weekly or never. With regard to the 21,000 who claim to
speak it Daily, there's good grounds for believing that most of these don't
use it as their main vernacular. For one thing, nearly half of the 21,000
are in localities where the majority of their neighbours don't claim to
speak it Weekly, i.e., localities where English is unquestionably the
predominant local vernacular. For another, almost nobody in the Gaeltachts
is raising their children with Gaelic as the first language. Every
five-year-old in the Gaeltachts can speak English as well as or better than
Gaelic. Some children may still be found who can speak both, but there's
none whose command of English is inferior to his/her command of Gaelic. For
another thing, residents in the Gaeltachts get money from the Government
simply for being Gaelic speakers and some also get money to provide
facilities for children attending Gaelic-language summer camps. (Every
summer, thousands of Irish children go to Gaeltacht camps and stay at
small-scale facilities provided by locals. The locals are well paid for it,
but to qualify they must declare themselves to be Gaelic speakers).
Sources: http://www.struct.net/IrishEduc/CompulsoryIrish.htm

http://www.struct.net/IrishEduc/TiocfaidhAris.htm
Re: Be wary of spurious RoI boosterism (reposted again)
#99980
Author: "Bro"
Date: Tue, 18 Jan 2000 00:00
7 lines
124 bytes
Najwa <najwa@struct.net> wrote in message news:388404a7_3@news.jps.net...

> poofery

I'm not sure that's a real word.

bro
Re: Be wary of spurious RoI boosterism (reposted again)
#99981
Author: "Bro"
Date: Tue, 18 Jan 2000 00:00
7 lines
130 bytes
Najwa <najwa@struct.net> wrote in message news:388404a7_3@news.jps.net...

> ...poofery...

I'm not sure that's a real word.

bro
Re: Be wary of spurious RoI boosterism (reposted again)
#99982
Author: " Doyle"
Date: Tue, 18 Jan 2000 00:00
574 lines
29221 bytes
What the fuck is your problem, is it because we are perfect and you are
jealous coming from an underdeveloped third world country?
Ok Naj
Najwa <najwa@struct.net> wrote in message news:388404a7_3@news.jps.net...
> The following are five examples of spurious boosterism from
state-sponsored
> agencies in the Republic of Ireland. I posted this before but I see no
harm
> in posting it again, given that I'm way outnumbered by others who are
> posting immodest and misleading half-truths about the RoI economy. This
> re-post is for the benefit of those who didn't see it before. It is
> essentially the very same as a post with nearly the same title dated 5 Jan
> 2000.
>
>
> The first example comes from the Irish Industrial Development Agency, the
> largest economic development agency. The following appears at their
webpage
> about the software industry in RoI: "Ireland is the second largest
exporter
> of software in the world, after the United States. The top 10 independent
> software companies in the world have significant operations in Ireland and
> today over 40% of all PC package software (including 60% of business
> applications software) sold in Europe is produced here."
> (http://www.idaireland.com/issw.html). A similar claim is made by the
Irish
> National Software Directorate, www.nsd.ie.
>
> You might think that a normal person wouldn't be so foolish as to believe
> the above poofery. However, my mother is a relatively normal person and
she
> was under the impression that it was true. The main basis for it is that
one
> of Microsoft's two packaging plants is located in Ireland. Shrink-wrappped
> Windows 98 is shrink-wrapped in Ireland. But the software packaging
industry
> is properly counted as part of the packaging industry, not the software
> industry. In the true software industry, also known as the software
> development industry, the single company SAP, headquartered in Germany,
> exports more software (in revenue terms) than all software development
> operations in the RoI put together. Israel, Canada, UK and many other
> countries export much more software than the RoI does -- in the
> shrink-wrapped software industry, not the shrink-wrapping industry. None
of
> the world'd top ten independent software companies has significant
> development operations in the RoI; they have localisation testing and
> packaging operations. (An exception is California-based Sun Microsystems,
> which does have a development team in the RoI, athough Sun isn't an
> "independent software company" strictly speaking). US corporate income tax
> considerations are the principal reason for locating these packaging
> operations in the Republic. In software, there's a big difference between
> the sales price of the software product and the "cost of goods sold" --
the
> latter being the cost of duplicating the disks and manuals and packaging
> them, generally 8% to 10% of the wholesale price of the software product.
> This big difference is "gross profits". When these profits can be
recognised
> in the RoI, they are taxed in the RoI at rates lower than the US corporate
> tax rates. They are then repatriated to the US, where they are not subject
> to corporate income tax again, due to international treaties. The
corporate
> tax rate in RoI is 10% or 12%, compared to 34% in the US. When a US
company
> pays the 10% to the Irish, it escapes having to pay any US corporate
income
> taxes on the remaining 90%. Some restrictions are placed by US tax
> regulations on where and how profits can be recognised: In particular, the
> Irish operations generally can't recognise profits in Ireland on any
> packages that they export back into the US, but they can indeed recognise
> profits in Ireland on packages they export elsewhere. What about
> localisation testing? Localisation testing means checking that the
software
> runs correctly in foreign locales, which have other keyboard
configurations,
> etc., as well as text in other languages. (By the way, standard software
> development practice these days is such that, aside from text translation,
> the localisation task is primarily a testing task and not a development
> task). Unlike ordinary software testing, localisation testing is not a
> tax-deductible expense in the US against profits earned in the US, because
> it involves customisations for profits that will be realised overseas. The
> same sort of thing goes for other high-tech and medical instruments and
> pharmaceutical companies that have set up manufacturing operations in
> Ireland. The manufacturing cost of a medical implant device, a
> microprocessor, or a drug is a tiny fraction of its selling price. Most of
> the overall costs are in marketing and R&D and, in the case of big
> successful products, taxes. In these cases it doesn't matter very much
> whether the Irish plant is cost efficient in manufacturing terms, because
> the manufacturing cost is small compared to the potential taxes. See e.g.
> http://www.microsoft.com/msft/ar99/alt_uk.htm. Twelve of the world's top
> fifteen pharmaceutical companies have manufacturing plants in Ireland, and
> in Puerto Rico, for the same reason. The maximum corporate tax rate in
> Puerto Rico is now 7% (down from 14% not long ago). Puerto Rico has a huge
> and growing trade surplus, with pharmachems the biggest contributor to it,
> as in Ireland. Annual exports of pharmaceuticals are valued at about US$10
> billion from Puerto Rico, and US$12 billion from Ireland. Nine out of the
> top ten bestselling drugs patented by US companies are manufactured in
> Puerto Rico, and 18% of all US drugs are manufactured there. It's no
> coincidence that Puerto Rico also happens to be where Microsoft's other
> packaging plant is located. It is instructive to read about the medical-
and
> computer-related manufacturing industries in Puerto Rico, as per the
Puerto
> Rico Industrial Development Agency, and see the parallels with Ireland:
> http://www.pridco.com/english/success/index.html. As a footnote, here's a
> quote from the famous Andrew Grove, chairman of Intel, which appeared in
the
> Irish Times a few months ago. He was speaking about the high-tech industry
> as it has developed in Ireland, but he might equally have been speaking
> about Puerto Rico. "My impression is this development has been very much
> driven by multinational companies. To drive toward the Internet economy,
> something else has to happen that is not driven by the multinational
> companies. What has to happen, and hasn't yet, is for local companies to
be
> passionate about this opportunity and pursue it." That is not to deny that
> some real software development shops exist in the RoI -- but their number
is
> small and their markets are small. (A currently incomplete and partial
list
> of them can be found at http://www.sbpost.ie/itpost/silicon2/index.html).
> I've no complaint about low corporate taxes; matter of fact I'd like to
see
> the whole world adopt low corporate taxes. But I think I have a legitimate
> complaint when many citizens, like my mother and even myself, are being
> misled by Irish government agencies. It's one thing to promote the country
> abroad; it's another thing to misinform people at home.
>
>
>
> Here's the next example of spurious boosterism, this time from the website
> of Enterprise Ireland, a state agency with overseas offices in two dozen
> cities to promote Irish international trade and enterprise: "Ireland's
> educational system is ranked as the best in the world at meeting the needs
> of a competitive economy, and the general population's level of economic
> literacy is ranked number two in the world (behind Singapore)."
>
> The functional literacy and numeracy skills of RoI adults are the lowest
of
> the English-speaking countries and among the lowest in Europe (more
exactly,
> the lowest of 12 countries surveyed except Poland). The poorer showing of
> the Republic generally holds true even when you look at groups of adults
> with equal levels of formal education: Adults in the Republic with a
college
> degree scored lower than adults in the UK with a college degree, and the
> same was true at every other level of formal education as well, and the UK
> was one of weaker performers of the 12 countries surveyed. The percent of
> youths in the RoI who are not completing upper secondary education is
among
> the highest in the EU. The college entry and college graduation rates in
RoI
> are substantially lower than in the other English-speaking countries [by
the
> way these rates increased substantially in the UK during the nineties].
The
> participation rate of RoI adults in lifelong education is among the lowest
> in the OECD. RoI school children's scores on international maths and
science
> tests are at or below the averages for the developed countries. When
school
> children's level of geographic literacy was tested, Ireland ranked
> secondlast out of nine countries tested. I've no idea what's the basis for
> Enterprise Ireland's claim that "the general population's level of
economic
> literacy is ranked number two in the world". There has been no large-scale
> or rigourous international test on the matter.
>
> With regard to Enterprise Ireland's claim that "Ireland's educational
system
> is ranked as the best in the world at meeting the needs of a competitive
> economy", I will make just one observation. The new primary school
> curriculum guidelines, introduced by the Minister for Education on October
> 9, 1999, allocate almost as much time to Gaelic as to basic English
> comprehension and writing, more time to Gaelic than to maths, far more
time
> to Gaelic than to science or computers or any other subject -- compulsory
> for all children over the age of six.
>
> International data sources for RoI education and literacy standards:
>
> http://www.nald.ca/nls/ials/ialsreps/ialsrpt2/ials2/high4e.htm
> [1996 International adult literacy survey, results for 16 to 25 year olds]
>
> http://www.nces.ed.gov/pubs98/condition98/c9821d01.html
> [1996 International adult literacy survey, results broken down by formal
> education attainments]
>
> http://www.nces.ed.gov/pubs99/condition99/SupTables/supp-table-60-1.html
> [1996 Highest educational attainment of adults, broken down by age groups]
>
> http://www.struct.net/OECD1998EducationIndicators.pdf (charts 3, 4 & 5)
> [1998 Education Indicators: Overview of the OECD countries, mostly 1996
> data]
>
> http://www.irlgov.ie/educ/pdfs/!newgrap.pdf (Figure F)
> [1997 Rate of retention in upper second level in RoI in 1997]
> http://www.irlgov.ie/educ/pdfs/!newgrap.pdf (Figure N)
> [1997 Rate of entry into all forms of third level in RoI in 1997]
>
> http://www.thesis.co.uk/tp/999/OPEN/DDW?W=filename='oecd.html'
> [1998 OECD estimates of university entry rates]
>
> http://www.nces.ed.gov/pubs99/digest98/figure30.html
> [1995 Estimates of university graduates as percent of theoretical age
group]
>
> http://www.irlgov.ie/educ/pdfs/adultedu.pdf
> [1998 Participation rates of adults in continuing education]
>
> http://www.nces.ed.gov/pubs/eiip/eiipid08.html
> [1991 International maths and science tests, results for 9 and 13 year
olds]
>
> http://www.timss.bc.edu/TIMSS1/Highlights.html
> [1996 International maths and science tests, results for 9 and 13 year
olds]
>
> http://www.nces.ed.gov/pubs/eiip/eiipid09.html
> [1991 International geography test, 9 and 13 year olds]
>
> Footnote: Within the last couple of weeks, Enterprise Ireland removed the
> statement I quoted above from its website (possibly in response to email
by
> me). Enterprise Ireland's website now says "The quality of Ireland's
> education is exceptionally high", but doesn't offer anything concrete in
> support of that. It also says "Ireland has the highest number of students
in
> third level colleges in Europe on a per capita basis."
> (http://www.enterprise-ireland.com/invest-ireland.asp). This latter claim,
> if true, would be mostly a reflection of the age structure of the
> population, not the quality of the education system. The age structure has
a
> bulge around the group now attending college, due a high birth rate 20
years
> ago, a declining birth rate for the last 15 years, and emigration among
the
> older age groups. In 1997, the proportion of second level who entered some
> form of third level in the Republic was less than 45% (see Figure N at
> http://www.irlgov.ie/educ/pdfs/!newgrap.pdf). Meanwhile the same year in
> Northern Ireland, for example, the proportion was more than 60% (see
> 'Destinations of school leavers' at
> http://www.deni.gov.uk/statistics/Education%20Statistics.pdf). Also, the
> dropout rate in the Republic during the first year of third level is
> estimated at more than 25%, higher than Northern Ireland.
>
>
>
>
>
> Here's the next example of phoney Irish Republic boosterism, this time
from
> the Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI), a quasi-independent
> organisation that regularly gets government contracts to do economic
> research. In October 1999 ESRI issued a Medium Term Review and five-year
> economic forecast for the Republic. Here's how the ESRI's review and
> forecast was reported by the Belfast Telegraph daily newspaper: "[The ESRI
> Report says] there has been a significant increase in workers commuting
from
> the north to the south [of Ireland] to new employment. This has helped
> relieve constraints in the Republic while also making a contribution to
> reducing unemployment in the North. With the growing success of Dundalk
this
> pattern of commuting may continue, said the ESRI Report. The ESRI Report
> warned that despite the introduction of the European single market
Ireland's
> two economies are drifting apart in terms of structure and performance and
> warned that the North's education system is lagging behind."
> (http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/today/oct14/Business/celtci.ncml). That
> Belfast Telegraph news article is quoting almost exactly from the summary
> Chapter 7 of the ESRI Report, available at the ESRI's website at
> http://www.esri.ie/MTRFrames.htm.
>
> Let's look at the facts. The only documented evidence of commuting from
> north to south has been to the border town Dundalk. Some people have been
> commuting from south Armagh to Dundalk for work, something that should
> surprise nobody because Dundalk is the largest nearby town. However this
> commuting has been blown out of all proportion by the ESRI report. First,
> only about 12,000 jobs exist in and around the Dundalk area and so it's
> place in the big picture is small, in north and south. Northern Ireland
has
> had a net gain of more jobs than that over the past 12 months. Second, as
> recently as five years ago (and probably still) Dundalk was classed as one
> of the six most deprived areas in the Republic. The town has a higher rate
> of high school dropouts, higher proportions of unskilled workers in the
> workforce, higher numbers of long-term unemployed, higher percentage
living
> in government subsidised housing, etc, versus the country as a whole. In
> Sept 1998 the unemployment rate in Dundalk was twice the RoI national
> average. It's no economic engine of growth. But it has been recovering
> recently and along with recovery there's been a growth in the little
trickle
> from across the border. Third, there was net migration from the Republic
to
> the North during the decade of the nineties, and in the most recent year
for
> which figures are available, 97/98. Fourth, in October 1999 the
unemployment
> rate in NI was not much higher than in RoI (the official NI rate was 6.0%,
> while the official RoI rate was five-point-something). Unemployment in the
> Newry travel-to-work area north of the border was lower than in the
Dundalk
> area south of the border. Fifth, NI is the fastest growing economic region
> in the UK. Output and productivity are rising heathily in manufacturing in
> particular. Wages are higher than in the Republic and wages have been
rising
> in recent years at a slightly faster rate not counting sterling currency
> appreciation. Sixth, education attainments in the North are better than in
> the Republic, and have been improving in recent years at a faster rate. In
> regard to education the only measure by which the Republic looks slightly
> better is the proportion of seventeen year-olds still in school, which is
> attributable to GSCEs taken at sixteen in the North while the RoI Leaving
> Cert is taken at seventeen. ESRI uses (or abuses) this sole fact as the
> basis for its claim that NI education is "lagging behind" the RoI. ESRI
> doesn't mention that the average number of years of schooling is higher in
> NI for the current cohort of young adults, or that 95% of NI youths
complete
> the GCSEs, or that GCSE and A Levels results are better in NI than in any
> other region of the UK, or that over 60% of NI second-level school leavers
> go on to further or higher education, or that the participation rate in
> university education is higher in NI than in RoI and rose at a faster rate
> in NI during the nineties, or that the two principal NI universities rank
at
> and above the averages of the principal UK universities by most measures.
> ESRI casually says that NI is lagging at third level, without stating a
> basis for this claim. On my information and belief, here's their purported
> basis for it. 30% of NI-domiciled fulltime undergraduate university
students
> attend universities in other parts of the UK [meanwhile, by the way, only
2%
> choose to study at universities in the Republic] and more than half of
these
> don't return to NI afterwards. If you don't count the NI-domiciled
students
> who go to universities in GB, then the RoI's ratio of university graduates
> looks a little higher. The two universities in NI (QUB and UU) rank at and
> above the averages for the UK universities by measures of assessed
teaching
> quality, scientific research by staff, qualifications of students on
> admission, employment of students after graduation, library and computer
> facilities, and other measures. We know this because in-depth evaluations
> are routinely performed in the UK university system and put up on the Net
> for the benefit of all to see. Meanwhile the Republic's universities
> probably rank below the UK averages by most of the same measures.
> Unfortunately however, no quality studies have been performed on the RoI
> universities, either in an international or national context. We really
> don't know how good or not-so-good they are. Here's a quote from an Irish
> Dail Education Committee meeting in June 1999: "There are problems in
> relation to entry requirements, transition, progression and high drop out
> rates.... We do not know the drop out rates in any of our institutes of
> technology and universities. Sometimes it can be extremely difficult to
get
> those statistics or even to know if they are being compiled by the
> universities and institutes of technology. We need this basic
> information...."
>
> Data Sources:
>
> http://www.columbia.edu/~yt23/Ireland2.html#dundalk
> [Dundalk's labour force in the first half of the nineties]
>
> http://www.dedni.gov.uk/statsres/overview/over.htm
> [Northern Ireland labour market summary data]
>
> http://www.dedni.gov.uk/statsres/claimant/ue_ind.htm
> [Northern Ireland official unemployment data]
>
> http://www.dedni.gov.uk/statsres/qes/qes_eie3.htm
> [Northern Ireland annual and quarterly job growth data]
>
> http://www.nisra.gov.uk/dmb/datavalt.htm (the ZIP file)
> [Northern Ireland emigration/immigration data]
>
> http://www.dedni.gov.uk/statsres/earnings/nes_ind.htm
> [Northern Ireland earnings data]
>
> http://www.northernireland.gov.uk/about.htm
> [Northern Ireland economy and business investment facts and figures]
>
> http://www.statistics.gov.uk/statbase/xsdataset.asp?vlnk’8
> [Northern Ireland second-level exam results in 1997 compared to rest of
UK]
>
> http://www.deni.gov.uk/statistics/pr/pr-23jun99/pr23jun99.htm
> [Northern Ireland second-level exam results in 1998]
>
> http://www.deni.gov.uk/statistics/Education%20Statistics.pdf
> [Northern Ireland, overview of education statistics, 1986-1998, showing
that
> the percent of NI school leavers who do not attain at least GCSE level
> qualifications has fallen from 20% in 1986 down to 4% in 1998. The percent
> who leave school with three or more "A" Levels has doubled since 1986, as
> has the entry rate to full-time Higher Education. The number of part-time
> undergrads has tripled. The number of fulltime post-grads has more than
> doubled.]
>
> http://www.niss.ac.uk/sites/quality.html
> [Quality evaluations of the UK universities including QUB and UU]
>
> http://www.deni.gov.uk/statistics/pr/pr-30jun99/table1.pdf
> [Northern Ireland domiciled third-level students: Where they are studying]
>
> http://www.irlgov.ie/committees-99/c-education/990630/sect1.htm
> [Dail Education Committee notes huge information deficit about quality at
> 3rd level]
>
> http://www.thesis.co.uk/tp/999/OPEN/DDW?W=filename='oecd.html'
> [1998 University entry rate]
> http://www.nces.ed.gov/pubs99/digest98/figure30.html
> [1995 University graduates as percent of theoretical age group]
> http://www.struct.net/OECD1998EducationIndicators.pdf
> [1998 Education Indicators Overview of the OECD countries]
>
> Percent of age group achieving at least 5 GCSE grades A*-C in 1996/97:
>     Northern Ireland: 53.5% (note: improved to 56.6% in 1997/98)
>     United Kingdom: 46%
> Percent of age group achieving at least 2 A Levels or at least 3 SCE
> highers, 1996/97:
>     Northern Ireland: 37%
>     United Kingdom: 30%
> Source http://www.statistics.gov.uk/statbase/xsdataset.asp?vlnk’8
> Try your hand at some GCSE maths questions:
> http://www.gcse.com/Maths/hd/hdt.htm
>
>
>
>
> The next example is from the Irish Information Society Commission, an
agency
> that promotes the use of computers and information technologies in
Ireland.
> I will quote their recent press releases about internet usage in a moment.
> Before I do, let me say that the latest internet usage survey in RoI (Oct
> 99) shows 12% reported using the internet in the three months prior to the
> survey. This compares with over 20% in the UK, over 30% in Australia, and
> over 40% in the US and Canada. The Irish figure of 12% for October 1999
was
> an increase from 10.5% in June 1999 and 8.5% in November 1998. Also
> noteworthy was the attrition rate found in the October 1999 survey: 28%
> reported using the internet at least once sometime, but only 12% within
the
> prior three months. Apparently then, most people who've tried it aren't
> going back to it. The Irish Information Society Commission doesn't mention
> any of that in their October 1999 press release. Here's what they say:
"The
> survey showed that 33 per cent of Irish people now have access to the
> Internet.... About 28 per cent of people have personally used the Internet
> compared to just 5% in 1996." They also say: "The research showed that
> students are one of the key groups driving the use of information
> communication technologies." To be fair, in a later press release
(November
> 1999) they admit: "Older people in Ireland are not embracing the
> technological age as quickly as other markets like the USA where one third
> of Internet users are senior citizens.... Inexperience, lack of
> understanding of how a computer operates and not knowing what the Internet
> is, were the biggest barriers prohibiting Irish people over the age of 35
> from using the Internet." However, it is a fact that inexperience, lack of
> understanding of how a computer operates, and not knowing what the
Internet
> is, are equally applicable to senior citizens in the USA. But the US
senior
> citizens have learned. And the Irish have not. Why? Perhaps the biggest
> reason is that practically all the US senior citizens who are using the
> internet today were taught basic typing skills back when they were in
> school. They know how to type. The keyboard is not a barrier for them.
> Whereas few Irish adults know how to type. Interacting with the computer
is
> a pain for those Irish people who constantly have to look up and down from
> the keyboard. Those who controlled the Irish education curriculum thought
> that being able to type was absolutely worthless, while being able to say
a
> few strings of cliches in Gaelic was very valuable. That's judging from
the
> time allocations they gave to these two subjects in the school curriculum.
>
> Sources:
> http://www.nua.net/surveys/how_many_online/index.html
> [The principal compiler of internet usage figures in a form permitting
> comparisons between countries.]
>
> http://www.ispo.cec.be/polls/EB98.htm
> [Results of an EU-wide survey, Nov 98, sponsored by an EU Commission]
>
> http://www.nua.net/surveys/?f=VS&art_id5355443&rel=true
> [Internet usage just for Northern Ireland, Nov 1999, not available in the
> international comparisons above]
>
> http://www.ireland.com/newspaper/finance/1999/1217/tech5.htm
> [Irish Times article decrying low internet usage in RoI]
>
> http://208.55.13.183/cgi-local/nepr.cgi?f=all&c=press&id=9&o=0
> http://208.55.13.183/cgi-local/nepr.cgi?f=all&c=press&id&o=0
> [Information Society Commission press releases]
>
>
>
> Here's the next example of ill-founded boosterism, this time from the
websit
> e of Bord na Gaeilge, a government agency whose main aim is to promote the
> Gaelic language as a vernacular of everyday communication in Ireland. Says
> Bord na Gaeilge, "In recent years.... Interest in the Irish language
amongst
> the wider public has been increasing steadily".
>
(http://www.bnag.ie/frames/english/irish_today/information_pages/irishtod_bi
> z1.html).
>
> The wider public has not been buying books in Gaelic. Best selling books
in
> Gaelic don't sell over a thousand copies in a year, not counting school
> books. Neither are they watching Gaelic television. Gaelic programmes
rarely
> capture more than 1.5% of available viewers and some good portion of that
> 1.5% are short-stay channel switchers who don't understand what they are
> hearing. Neither is the public going to the Gaeltachts to partake in
Gaelic
> speaking. About half of the adults who take Gaelic language summer courses
> in the Gaeltachts these days are Americans and other non-Irish citizens
and
> the total numbers involved are just a few thousand not counting teachers.
> Neither is the wider public speaking Gaelic closer to home. Over 85% of
the
> adults who claim the ability to speak Gaelic say that they speak it less
> often than once a week or never.
>
> For the first time this century, the 1996 Census had a question about
> frequency of usage of Gaelic. Respondents who answered YES to the question
> "Can the person speak Irish" were asked to mark a box about frequency of
> usage, one of "Daily", "Weekly", "Less often" [than weekly], and "Never".
Of
> those who marked Daily, 79 percent were school children, and an estimated
> further 7 percent were school teachers, most of them primary school
> teachers. Outside the Gaeltachts, 50,000 adults said they spoke Gaelic
> Daily, of whom about 24,000 are school teachers. 100,000 non-Gaeltacht
> adults said they spoke Gaelic Weekly, which represents 4% of the
> non-Gaeltacht adult population. To put that in a perspective, consider
that
> 100,000 passengers travel by airplane from the Republic to the UK per week
> (www.aer-rianta.ie).
>
> Bord na Gaeilge also claims that "Irish is the living community language
in
> the Gaeltacht".
>
(http://www.bnag.ie/frames/english/irish_today/information_pages/irishtod_ga
> elt.html). This too is ill-founded and misleading. About 58,000 adults
live
> in the official Gaeltachts. In the 1996 Census, 21,000 of these adults
said
> they spoke Gaelic Daily, 5,000 said Weekly, and the remainder marked less
> frequently than weekly or never. With regard to the 21,000 who claim to
> speak it Daily, there's good grounds for believing that most of these
don't
> use it as their main vernacular. For one thing, nearly half of the 21,000
> are in localities where the majority of their neighbours don't claim to
> speak it Weekly, i.e., localities where English is unquestionably the
> predominant local vernacular. For another, almost nobody in the Gaeltachts
> is raising their children with Gaelic as the first language. Every
> five-year-old in the Gaeltachts can speak English as well as or better
than
> Gaelic. Some children may still be found who can speak both, but there's
> none whose command of English is inferior to his/her command of Gaelic.
For
> another thing, residents in the Gaeltachts get money from the Government
> simply for being Gaelic speakers and some also get money to provide
> facilities for children attending Gaelic-language summer camps. (Every
> summer, thousands of Irish children go to Gaeltacht camps and stay at
> small-scale facilities provided by locals. The locals are well paid for
it,
> but to qualify they must declare themselves to be Gaelic speakers).
> Sources: http://www.struct.net/IrishEduc/CompulsoryIrish.htm
>
> http://www.struct.net/IrishEduc/TiocfaidhAris.htm
>
>
>
>
Re: Be wary of spurious RoI boosterism (reposted again)
#99983
Author: "Mayhem"
Date: Tue, 18 Jan 2000 00:00
9 lines
294 bytes
" Doyle" <dmdoyle@iol.ie> wrote in message
news:HGWg4.4463$as2.12470@news.iol.ie...
> What the fuck is your problem, is it because we are perfect and you are
> jealous coming from an underdeveloped third world country?


You of course being a shining example of all this.............?

Mayhem.
Re: Be wary of spurious RoI boosterism (reposted again)
#99988
Author: " Doyle"
Date: Tue, 18 Jan 2000 00:00
14 lines
454 bytes
I had a great trip to Shannon Airport last Friday.
Mayhem <Havocman@Hotmail.com> wrote in message
news:861jac$2pp$1@fraggle.esatclear.ie...
>
> " Doyle" <dmdoyle@iol.ie> wrote in message
> news:HGWg4.4463$as2.12470@news.iol.ie...
> > What the fuck is your problem, is it because we are perfect and you are
> > jealous coming from an underdeveloped third world country?
>
>
> You of course being a shining example of all this.............?
>
> Mayhem.
>
>
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