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Started by r2kmh@dax.cc.uak
Wed, 20 Jul 1994 23:20
Meaning of Ghazal and some ghazals by Ghalib.
Author: r2kmh@dax.cc.uak
Date: Wed, 20 Jul 1994 23:20
Date: Wed, 20 Jul 1994 23:20
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155394 bytes
I am posting this on request of a netter. This is not my work. I don't
know who the author is. I respect his work. I had saved it in a file and
I am posting this for benefit of all. The song 'Jaane kya doondhthi
rahti....' got interspersed somewhere in the file. My fault. I
apologise for that. Well, I hope you enjoy it.
Harish
Classical Definition of Ghazal
===============================
Ghazal in short, is a collection of Sher's which follow the rules of
'Matla', 'Maqta', 'Beher', 'Kaafiyaa' and 'Radif'. So to know what
Ghazal is, it's necessary to know what these terms mean.
To understand these terms easily , we will take an example.
1. koi ummid bar nahin aati
koi surat nazar nahin aati
2. aage aati thi haale dil par hasi
ab kisi baat par nahin aati
3. hum wahan hain, jahan se humko bhi
kucch hamaari khabar nahin aati
4. kaabaa kis muh se jaaoge 'Ghalib'
sharm tumko magar nahin aati
What is a Sher ?
It's a poem of two lines. This definition is deceptively simple.
Please note that, every Sher is a poem in itself ! A Sher does not
need, anything around it, to convey the message.
All the 4 stanzas in our example are independent poems, Sher's.
So Ghazal is necessarily a collection of two-line-poems called Sher.
[ So the Rafi solo "rang aur noor ki baaraat kise pesh karu" is NOT
a Ghazal, as every stanza is of 3 lines, and not 2. ]
What are other restrictions ? Many, and important ones.
[ Any collection of Sher's is not Ghazal. Some good examples are ; the
famous Mukesh song from Yehoodi, "yeh mera deewaanaapan hai" ; and the
title song of "dil apana aur preet parayi". Each stanza in these songs
can be considered as an independent Sher, but they are NOT Ghazal's.
To understand, why, we have to wait till 'Kaafiyaa, 'Radif'. ]
What is 'Beher' ?
'Beher' is the 'meter' of the Sher's. It can be considered as the
length of the Sher. Both the lines in the Sher *MUST* be of
same 'Beher'. And all the Sher's in one Ghazal *MUST* be of the
same 'Beher'. There are 19 (!!) kinds of 'Beher'. But in simple terms,
'Beher' is categorized in 3 classes. Short, medium, long.
[ The examples in [] are my additions, from Hindi Films. ]
Small :
ahale dairo-haram reh gaye
tere deewane kam reh gaye
[ Also Talat song, "dil-e-nadan tuze hua kya hai" ]
Medium :
umr jalwo me basar ho, ye zaruri to nahin
har shab-e-gam ki seher ho, ye zaruri to nahin
[ And by Gulzar, "ruke ruke se kadam, ruk ke baar baar chale" ]
Long :
ai mere humnashin, chal kahin aur chal, is chaman me ab apanaa guzaaraa nahin
baat hoti gulon ki, to seh lete hum, ab to kaaton pe bhi haq hamaaraa nahin
[ The filmfare winner, "Manzile apani jagah hai" !! Yes ! It IS a Ghazal.
And the Shayar is Prakash Mehra !! surprise , surprise !! ]
So Ghazal is a collection of Sher's of SAME 'Beher'.
What is 'Radif' ?
In a Ghazal, second line of all the Sher's *MUST* end with the *SAME*
word/s. This repeating common words is the 'Radif' of the Ghazal.
In our example, the 'Radif' is "nahin aati".
[ Sometimes, the Ghazal becomes known by its 'Radif'. eg. "jaraa
aahista chal" sung by Pankaj Udhas. On RMIM we all know one Ghazal by
the 'Radif' as "aahista aahista", don't we ? or is it 2 or 3 ? :-) ]
What is 'Kaafiyaa' ?
'Kaafiyaa' is the rhyming pattern which all the words before 'Radif'
*MUST* have.
In our example the 'Kaafiyaa' is "bar", "nazar", "par", "magar" etc.
This is a necessary requirement. Something which is followed even in
the exceptions to all these rules.
So Ghazal is a collection of Sher's of same 'Beher', ending in same
'Radif' and having same 'Kaafiyaa'.
[ That's the reason, why "yeh mera diwanapan hai" etc. are NOT Ghazals.
There is no common thing which can be called 'Kaafiyaa' and 'Radif'. ]
What is 'Matla' ?
The first Sher in the Ghazal *MUST* have 'Radif' in its both lines.
This Sher is called 'Matla' of the Ghazal and the Ghazal is usually
known after its 'Matla'. There can be more than one 'Matla' in a
Ghazal. In such a case the second one is called 'Matla-e-saani' or
'Husn-e-matla'.
In our example, the first Sher is the 'Matla'.
What is 'Maqta' ?
A Shayar usually has an alias ie. 'takhallus' eg. Mirza Asadullakhan
used 'Ghalib' as his 'takhallus' and is known by that. Other examples
are 'Daag' Dehlvi, 'Mir' Taqi Mir, Said 'Rahi', Ahmed 'Faraz' etc.
There is a Sher in a Ghazal, the last one, which has the Shayar's
'takhallus' in it.
[ A Shayar, can use the 'Maqta' very intelligently. He can "talk to
himself" like one in our example. I have lots of favourite Sher's
which are 'Maqta' of some Ghazal. Some gems are
koi nam-o-nishan puchhe to ai kaasid bataa denaa,
takhallus 'Daag' hai, aur aahiqon ke dil me rehte hai
and
jab bhi milte hain, to kehte hain, "kaise ho 'Shakil'",
iske aage to koi baat nahin hoti hai
The first one uses the meaning of the 'takhallus' to create the
magic, and the second one is just simple, simply beautiful. ]
To summarize, Ghazal is a collection of Sher's (independent two-line
poems), in which there is atleast one 'Matla', one 'Maqta' and all
the Sher's are of same 'Beher' and have the same 'Kaafiyaa' and
'Radif'.
EXCEPTIONS AND IMP. POINTS TO NOTE
==================================
1. Ghazal is just a form. It is independent of any language.
eg. in Marathi also, there can be (and there are) good Ghazals.
2. Some Ghazal's do NOT have any 'Radif'. Rarely. Such Ghazal's
are called "gair-muraddaf" Ghazal.
3. Although, every Sher, should be an independent poem in itself,
it is possible, that all the Sher's are on the same theme. What
famous example can be other than "chupke chupke raat din aasun
bahaanaa yaad hai".
4. In modern Urdu poetry, there are lots of Ghazal's which do
NOT follow the restriction of same 'Beher' on both the lines
of Sher. [ My example in 'Maqta', the Sher by Shakil, is one. ]
But even in these Ghazal's, 'Kaafiyaa' and 'Radif' are present.
5. The restriction of 'Maqta' is really very loose. Many many
Ghazal's do NOT have any 'Maqta'. [ I think 'Maqta' was used in
the earlier times, as a way to keep the credit. But since this is
traditional, many Ghazal's do have a 'Maqta' just for the sake of it.
Sometimes the name of the Shayar comes unnaturally in the last
Sher of the Ghazal. ]
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
So that's my long essay on Ghazal :-)
I hope it helps in clearing some doubts, and I also hope
that atleast for some, the information was interesting and new.
- Abhay.
Ghazal rudaad hai naakaamiyon ki,
Ghazal mehrumiyon ki daastaan hai |
Ghazal riste hue zakhmon ka marham,
Ghazal ek chaaraa-e-dard-e-nihan hai |
Ghazal ka husn hi hai, husn-e-aalam,
Ghazal ka noor hi noor-e-jahan hai |
- Jagdish Bhatnagar 'Hayaat'
Jane Kya Dhoondti Rehti Hai Yeh Aankhen Mujh Men
Raakh Ke Dher Men Shola Hai Na Chingari Hai
Ab Na Woh Pyar Na Us Pyar Ki Yaaden Baaki
Aag Yun Dil Men Lagi Kuchh Na Raha, Kuchh Na Bacha
Jiski Tasveer Nigahon Men Liye Baithi Ho
Main Woh Dildaar Nahin, Uski Hoon Khamosh Chita
(Jane Kya...)
Zindagi Hanske Guzarti To Bahut Achha Tha
Khair Hanske Na Sahi Roke Guzar Jayegi
Raakh Barbaad Mohabbat Ki Bacha Rakkhi Hai
Baar-Baar Isko Jo Chheda To Bikhar Jayegi
(Jane Kya...)
-this is my favorite stanza-
Aarzoo Jurm, Wafa Jurm, Tamanna Hai Gunaah (2X)
Yeh Woh Duniya Hai Jahan Pyar Nahin Ho Sakta
Kaise Baazaar Ka Dastoor Tumhen Samjhaoon
Bik Gaya Jo Woh Khareedaar Nahin Ho Sakta
Bik Gaya Jo, Woh Khareedaar Nahin Ho Sakta...
............................................................................
GHALIB - GHAZALS
............................................................................
A note on pronunciation
-----------------------
(a) Vowel pronunciation key.
'a' as 'u' in cut
'aa' as 'a' in car
'i' as 'i' in fit
'ee' as 'ee' in feel
'u' as 'u' in put
'oo' as 'oo' in pool
'e' as 'e' in bed
'ai' as 'ei' in neighbour
'o' as 'o' in mode
'au' as 'ow' in how
(b) Words ending with an 'a' should be pronounced as 'a' in 'car'.
Examples : 'kya' = what
'nateeja' = result
(c) Guttural sounds (capital letters) :
Examples : 'GH' as in 'GHam' = sorrow
'KH' as in 'KHayaal' = thought
(d) Use of 'N' for nasal sounds :
Examples : 'maiN' = me
'meiN' = in
'aasmaaN' = sky
(e) Note the distinction in usage between :
(i) 'i' and 'ee'
Examples : 'nigaah' = sight
'nishaan' = mark/sign
'teer' = arrow
'hakeem' = physician/doctor
(ii) 'k' and 'q'
Examples : 'shauq' = fondness/desire
'qaabil' = worthy
'kamar' = waist
'KHaak' = dust/ashes
(iii) small and capital letters
Examples : 't' as 't' in with
'T' as 't' in metal
...........................................................................
1. har ek baat pe kehte ho tum ke 'too kya hai' ?
tumheeN kaho ke yeh andaaz-e-guftgoo kya hai ?
[ guftgoo = conversation ]
2. na shole meiN yeh karishma na barq meiN yeh ada
koee batao ki woh shoKH-e-tund_KHoo kya hai ?
[ barq = lightning, tund = sharp/angry, KHoo = behavior ]
3. yeh rashk hai ki wo hota hai ham_suKHan tumse
wagarna KHauf-e-bad_aamozi-e-adoo kya hai ?
[ rashk = jealousy, ham_suKHan = to speak together/to agree,
KHauf = fear, bad = bad/wicked, aamozee = education/teaching,
adoo = enemy ]
4. chipak raha hai badan par lahoo se pairaahan
hamaaree jeb ko ab haajat-e-rafoo kya hai ?
[ pairaahan = shirt/robe/cloth, haajat = need/necessity,
rafoo = mending/darning ]
5. jalaa hai jicm jahaaN dil bhee jal gaya hoga
kuredate ho jo ab raakh, justjoo kya hai ?
[ justjoo = desire ]
6. ragoN meiN dauDte firne ke ham naheeN qaayal
jab aaNkh hee se na Tapka to fir lahoo kya hai ?
7. woh cheez jiske liye hamko ho bahisht azeez
siwaay baada-e-gul_faam-e-mushkaboo kya hai ?
[ bahisht (or bihisht, both are correct) = heaven, baada = wine,
gul_faam = delicate and fragrant like flowers, mushkaboo = like
the smell of musk ]
8. piyooN sharaab agar KHum bhee dekh looN do chaar
yeh sheesha-o-qadah-o-kooza-o-suboo kya hai ?
[ KHum = wine barrel, qadah = goblet, kooza/suboo = wine pitcher ]
9. rahee na taaqat-e-guftaar, aur agar ho bhee
to kis ummeed pe kahiye ke aarzoo kya hai ?
[ guftaar = speech/discourse ]
10. huaa hai shaah ka musaahib, fire hai itaraata
wagarna shehar meiN 'GHalib' kee aabroo kya hai ?
[ musaahib = comrade/associate ]
............................................................................
1. husn-e-mah, garche ba_haNgaam-e-kamaal achcha hai
us'se mera mah-e-KHursheed-e-jamaal achcha hai
[ mah = moon, KHursheed = sun, jamaal = beauty ]
2. bosa dete naheeN aur dil pe hai har lahja nigaah
jee meiN kehte haiN, muft aaye to maal achcha hai
[ bosa = kiss ]
3. aur baazaar se le aaye agar TooT gaya
saaGHar-e-jam se mera jaam-e-sifaal achcha hai
[ saaGHar-e-jam = Badshah Jamshed's cup, jaam-e-sifaal = clay cup ]
4. be_talab daiN to maza usme siwa milta hai
woh gada jisko na ho KHoo-e-sawaal achcha hai
[ be_talab = without any enquiry, gada = beggar, KHoo = habit ]
5. unke dekhe se jo aa jaatee hai muNh par raunaq
woh samajhte haiN ke beemaar ka haal achcha hai
6. dekhiye paate haiN ushshaaq butoN se kya faiz ?
ik birahaman ne kaha hai, ke yeh saal achcha hai
[ ushshaaq = lovers, faiz = profit ]
7. ham_suKHan teshe ne farhaad ko sheereeN se kiya
jis tarah ka bhee kisee meiN ho kamaal achcha hai
[ ham_suKHan = together, tesha = axe ]
8. qatra dariya meiN jo mil jaaye to dariya ho jaaye
kaam achchaa hai woh, jiska ma'aal achcha hai
[ ma'aal = result ]
9. KHijr SultaaN ko rakhe KHaaliq-e-akbar sar_sabz
shaah ke baaGH meiN yeh taaza nihaal achcha hai
[ KHijr SultaaN = one of Badshah Zafar's son, KHaaliq = The Creator/
God, akbar = greatest, sar_sabz = fertile, nihaal = tree ]
10. hamko ma'aloom hai jannat ki haqeeqat lekin
dil ke KHush rakhne ko, 'GHalib' yeh KHayaal achcha hai
...........................................................................
1. GHair leiN mehfil meiN bose jaam ke
ham rahaiN yooN tishna_lab paiGHaam ke
[ bosa = kiss, tishna = thirsty ]
2. KHastagee ka tumse kya shikwa ki ye
hathkanDe haiN charKH-e-neelee_faam ke
[ KHastagee = injury/sickness, shikawa = complaint,
hathkanDe = tactics, charKH = sky, neelee_faam = blue colour/
complexion ]
3. KHat likhenge garche matlab kuchch na ho
ham to aashiq haiN tumhaare naam ke
4. raat pee zamzam pe mai aur subh_dam
dhoye dhab'be jaam-e-'eharaam ke
[ zamzam = a well in Kaba whose water is considered holy,
mai = wine, subh_dam = at dawn, 'eharaam = dress for 'haj' ]
5. dil ko aaNkhoN ne fasaaya kya magar
ye bhee halqe haiN tumhaare daam ke
[ halqa = ring/circle, daam = net/trap ]
6. shaah ke haiN GHusl-e-sehat ko KHabar
dekhiye kab din fireiN hammaam ke
[ GHusl = bath, sehat = health, hammaam = a hot bath where a masseur
gives massage and bath ]
7. ishq ne 'GHalib' nikamma kar diya
warna ham bhee aadmee the; kaam ke
.............................................................................
1. naqsh fariyaadee hai kiskee shoKHee-e-tehreer ka
kaaGHazee hai pairhan har paikar-e-tasweer ka
[ naqsh = copy/print, fariyaad = complaint, tehreer = hand
writing, kaaGHazee = delicate, pairhan = dress,
paikar = appearance ]
2. kaave-kaave saKHt_jaanee haay tanhaaee na pooch
subah karna shaam ka laana hai joo-e-sheer ka
[ kaave-kaave = hard work, saKHt_jaanee = tough life,
joo = canal/stream, sheer = milk, joo-e-sheer = to create a
canal of milk, here means to perform an impossible task ]
3. jazba-e-be_iKHtiyaar-e-shauq dekha chaahiye
seena-e-shamsheer se baahar hai dam shamsheer ka
[ iKHtiyaar = authority/power, shamsheer = sword ]
4. aagahee daam-e-shuneedan jis qadar chaahe bichaaye
mudda'a 'anqa hai apne aalam-e-taqreer ka
[ aagahee = knowledge/intution, daam = net/trap,
shuneed = conversation, 'anqa = rare, aalam = world/universe,
taqreer = speech/discourse ]
5. bus ke hooN 'GHalib' aseeree meiN bhee aatish zer-e-pa
moo-e-aatish_deeda hai halqa meree zanjeer ka
[ aseeree = imprisonment/captivity, zer-e-pa = under the feet,
moo = hair, aatish_deeda = roasted on fire, halqa = ring/circle ]
............................................................................
1. kabhee nekee bhee uske jee meiN gar aa jaaye hai mujhse
jafaayeN karke apnee yaad sharma jaaye hai mujhse
[ jafaayeN = opression/tyranny of a beloved ]
2. KHudaaya ! jazbaa-e-dil kee magar taaseer ulTee hai
ki jitna khiNtchataa hooN aur khiNtchtaa jaaye hai mujhse
[ jazbaa-e-dil = emotions, taaseer = impression ]
3. woh bad_KHoo aur meree daastan-e-ishq tulaanee
ibaarat muKHtasar, qaasid bhee ghabra jaaye hai mujhse
[ bad_KHoo = bad habits, tulaanee = long, ibaarat = diction/
admonishing, muKHtasar = concise, qaasid = messenger ]
4. udhar woh bad_GHumaanee hai, idhar yeh naatavaanee hai
na poocha jaaye hai us'se, na bola jaaye hai mujhse
[ badGHumaanee = suspicion, naatavaanee = weakness ]
5. sambhalne de mujhe 'ei na_ummidee kya qayaamat hai
ki daamaan-e-KHayaal-e-yaar chooTa jaaye hai mujhse
6. takalluf bartaraf nazzaaragee meiN bhee sahi, lekin
woh dekha jaaye, kab ye zulm dekha jaaye hai mujhse
[ taqalluf = hesitation/formality, bartaraf = suspend ]
7. hue haiN paaNv hee pehle nabard-e-ishq meiN zaKHmee
na bhaaga jaaye hai mujhse, na Thehra jaaye hai mujhse
[ nabard-e-ishaq = struggle in love ]
8. qayaamat hai ke howe muddaee ka ham_safar 'GHalib'
woh kaafir, jo KHuda ko bhee na sauNpa jaaye hai mujhse
.......................................................................
1. dil se teree nigaah jigar tak utar gayee
donoN ko ik adaa meiN razaamand kar gayee
2. shaq ho gaya hai seena, KHushee lazzat-e-firaaq
takleef-e-pardaadaari-e-zaKHm-e-jigar gayee
[ shaq = crack/split, firaaq = separation,
pardaadaaree = to hide, esp. fault ]
3. woh baada-e-shabaana kee sar mastiyaaN kahaaN ?
uThiye bas ab ki lazzat-e-KHwaab-e-sahar gayee
[ baada = wine, shabaana = night, sahar = morning ]
4. uDtee fire hai KHaak meree koo-e-yaar se
baare ab 'ei hawa, hawas-e- baal-o-par gayee
[ baare = at last, koo-e-yaar = lover's street ]
5. dekhooN to dil_farebi-e-andaaz-e-naqsh-e-pa
mauj-e-KHiraam-e-yaar bhee kya gul katar gayee
[ dil_fareb = heart alluring, naqsh = copy/print, pa = leg,
mauj = wave/enjoyment, KHiraam = speed ]
6. har bulhawas ne husn_parastee shiaar kee
ab aabru-e-sheva-e-'ehl-e-nazar gayee
[ bulhawas = greedy, husn_parastee = to appreciate beauty,
shiaar = habit, aabru = respect/honour, sheva = manner/habit ]
7. nazzaare ne bhee kaam kiya waaN naqaab ka
mastee se har nigaah tere ruKH par bikhar gayee
8. farda-o-dee ka tafarqa yak baar mit gaya
kal tum gaye ke ham pe qayaamat guzar gayee
[ farda = yesterday, dee = tomorrow, tafarqa = difference ]
9. maara zamaane ne 'Asadullah KHaaN' tumhe
woh walwale kahaaN, woh jawaanee kidhar gayee ?
[ walwale = enthusiasm ]
......................................................................
1. miltee hai KHoo-e-yaar se naar iltihaab meiN
kaafir hooN gar na miltee ho raahat 'azaab meiN
[ KHoo-e-yaar = lover's nature/behavior/habit, naar = fire,
iltihaab = flame, 'azaab = sorrow ]
2. kab se hooN, kya bataaooN jahaan-e-KHaraab meiN ?
shab haaye hijr ko bhee rakhooN gar hisaab meiN
[ jahaan-e-KHaraab = world of problems, shab = night,
hijr = separation ]
3. taa fir na intezaar meiN neeNd aaye 'umr bhar
aane ka 'ahad kar gaye aaye jo KHwaab meiN
[ taa = so that, 'ahad = promise ]
4. qaasid ke aate-aate KHat ik aur likh rakhooN
maiN jaanta hooN jo woh likhenge jawaab meiN
[ qaasid = messenger ]
5. mujh tak kab unkee bazm meiN aata tha daur-e-jaam
saaqee ne kuchch mila na diya ho sharaab meiN
[ bazm = meeting/"mehafil", saaqee = bar tender ]
6. jo munkir-e-wafa ho fareb us pe kya chale ?
kyooN badGHumaaN hooN dost se dushman ke baab meiN ?
[ munkir-e-wafa = one who denies loyalty, fareb = illusion/fraud
badGHumaaN = suspicious, baab = company ]
7. maiN muztarib hooN wasl meiN KHauf-e-raqeeb se
Daala hai tumko weham ne kis pech-o-taab meiN
[ muztarib = anxious/disturbed, wasl = meeting with the lover,
KHauf = fear, raqeeb = opponent, pech-o-taab = predicament ]
8. mai aur haz'z-e-wasl, KHudaa_saaz baat hai
jaaN nazr denee bhool gaya iztiraab meiN
[ mai = bar, haz'z-e-wasl = joy of meeting, KHudaa_saaz = god's gift,
iztiraab = anxiety ]
9. hai tevaree chaDee huee andar naqaab ke
hai ik shikan paDee huee tarf-e-naqaab meiN
[ shikan = wrinkle, tarf = eyelid ]
10. laakhauN lagaav, ik churaana nigaah ka
laakhauN banaav, ik bigaaDna itaab meiN
[ itaab = anger ]
11. woh naala_dil meiN KHas ke baraabar jagah na paaye
jis naale se shigaaf paDe aaftaab meiN
[ naala_dil = crying heart, KHas = hay/grass, shigaaf = crack,
aaftaab = sun/face ]
12. woh sehar muddaa talbee meiN na kaam aaye
jis sehar se safina ravaaN ho saraab meiN
[ sehar = magic, muddaa talbee = fulfillment of a desire,
safina = boat, ravaaN = move, saraab = mirage ]
13. 'GHalib' chutee sharaab, par ab bhee kabhee-kabhee
peeta hooN roz-e-abr -o- shab-e-maahtaab meiN
[ abr = clouds, roz-e-abr = cloudy day, maahtaab = moon ]
.......................................................................
1. daayam paDa huaa tere dar par naheeN hooN maiN
KHaak 'eisee zindagee pe ke patthar naheeN hooN maiN
[ daayam = always ]
2. kyooN gardish-e-mudaam se ghabra na jaaye dil ?
insaan hooN, pyaala-o-saaGHar naheeN hooN maiN
[ gardish = bad time/luck, mudaam = always ]
3. yaarab ! zamaana mujhko miTaata hai kis liye ?
loh-e-jahaaN pe harf-e-muqarrar naheeN hooN maiN
[ harf = alphabet, muqarrar = again ]
4. had chaahiye saza meiN uqoobat ke waaste
aaKHir gunaahagaar hooN, kaafir naheeN hooN maiN
[ uqoobat = pain ]
5. kis waaste 'azeez naheeN jaante mujhe ?
laal-o-zumarrud-o-zar-o-gauhar naheeN hooN maiN
[ laal = a kind of gem, zumurrud = green colored gem,
zar = gold, gauhar = gem ]
6. rakhte ho tum qadam meree aaNkhoN se kya dareGH
rutbe meiN mehar-o-maah se kamtar naheeN hooN maiN
[ dareGH = regret/grief, mehar = sun, maah = moon ]
7. karte ho mujhko man'a-e-qadam_bos kis liye ?
kya aasmaan ke bhee baraabar naheeN hooN maiN ?
[ bosa = kiss ]
8. 'GHalib' wazifaa_KHwaar ho, do shaah ko duaa
woh din gaye ki kehte the;, "naukar naheeN hooN maiN"
[ wazifaa_KHawaar = pensioner ]
......................................................................
1. dil-e-naadaaN tujhe huaa kya hai ?
aaKHir is dard kee dawa kya hai
2. ham haiN mushtaaq aur woh bezaar
ya ilaahee ! yeh maajra kya hai ?
[ mushtaaq = interested, bezaar = displeased/sick of ]
3. maiN bhee muNh meiN zabaan rakhta hooN
kaash ! poocho ki "muddaa kya hai" ?
4. jab ki tujh bin naheeN koee maujood
fir ye hangaama, 'ei KHuda ! kya hai
5. ye paree chehara log kaise haiN ?
GHamza-o-ishwa-o-'adaa kya hai ?
[ paree chehara = angel faced, GHamza = amorous glance,
ishwa = coquetry ]
6. shikan-e-zulf-e-ambaree kyoN hai ?
nigah-e-chashm-e-soorma sa kya hai ?
[ shikan = wrinkel/fold, ambaree = fragrance, chashm = eye ]
7. sabja-o-gul kahaaN se aaye haiN ?
abr kya cheez hai, hawa kya hai ?
[ abr = clouds ]
8. hamko unse wafa ki hai ummeed
jo naheeN jaante wafa kya hai
9. "haaN bhala kar tera bhala hoga"
aur darvesh kee sada kya hai ?
[ darvesh = beggar, sada = voice ]
10. jaan tum par nisaar karta hooN
maiN naheeN jaanata duaa kya hai
11. maiNe maana ki kuchch naheeN 'GHalib'
muft haath aaye to bura kya hai ?
..........................................................................
1. woh aake KHwaab meiN taskeen-e-iztiraab to de
wale mujhe tapish-e-dil, mazaal-e-KHwaab to de
[ taskeen = satisfaction, iztiraab = anxiety, tapish = burn/passion,
mazaal = strength ]
2. kare hai qatl lagaawat meiN tera ro dena
teree tarah koee teGH-e-nigah ko aab to de
[ lagaawat = affection, tegh = sword, aab = cool ]
3. dikhaake jumbish-e-lab hee tamaam kar hamko
na de jo bosa, to muNh se kaheeN jawaab to de
[ jumbish = motion/vibration, bosa = kiss ]
4. pila de oak se saaqee jo hamse nafrat hai
pyaala gar naheeN deta na de, sharaab to de
[ oak = palm of the hand contracted so as to hold water ]
5. 'Asad' KHushee se mere haath paaNv phool gaye
kaha jo usne zara mere paaNv daab to de
..........................................................................
1. ghar jab bana liya hai tere dar par kahe baGHair
jaanega ab bhee too na mera ghar kahe baGHair
2. kehte haiN, jab rahee na mujhe taaqat-e-suKHan
jaanooN kisee ke dil ki maiN kyoNkar kahe baGHair
[ taaqat-e-suKHan = strength to speak ]
3. kaam us'se aa paDa hai ki jiska jahaan meiN
lewe na koee naam 'sitamgar' kahe baGHair
[ sitamgar = oppressor ]
4. jee meiN hee kuchch naheeN hai hamaare, wagarna ham
sar jaaye ya rahe, na rahaiN par kahe baGHair
5. choDooNga maiN na us but-e-kaafir ka poojna
choDe na KHalq go mujhe kaafir kahe baGHair
[ but = idol/lover, KHalq = world ]
6. maqsad hai naaz-o-GHamza, wale guftagoo meiN kaam
chalta naheeN hai, dashna-o-KHanjar kahe baGHair
[ GHamza = amorous glance, dashna = dagger ]
7. har chand ho mushaahit-e-haq ki guftagoo
bantee naheeN hai baada-o-saaGHar kahe baGHair
[ mushaahit = God, baada = wine ]
8. behra hooN maiN to chaahiye doona ho iltafaat
sunta naheeN hooN baat muqarrar kahe baGHair
[ iltafaat = mercy, muqarrar = again ]
9. 'GHalib' na kar huzoor meiN too baar-baar 'arz
zaahir hai tera haal sab un par kahe baGHair
...........................................................................
1. shauq har rang raqeeb-e-sar-o-saamaaN niklaa
qais tasveer ke parde meiN bhee uriyaaN niklaa
[ raqeeb = opponent, sar-o-saamaaN = with belongings,
qais = 'majanooN', uriyaaN = nude ]
2. zaKHm ne daad na dee, tangee-e-dil ki yaarab !
teer bhee seena-e-bismil se par_afshaaN niklaa
[ daad = justice, seena-e-bismil = wounded heart, par = wings,
afshaaN = rattle ]
3. boo-e-gul, naala-e-dil, dood-e-charaaGH-e-mehfil
jo teree bazm se nikla, so parishaaN niklaa
[ boo = fragrance, gul = flower, naalaa = cry, dood = smoke, esp.
from a lamp that's been extinguished ]
4. thee nau_aamoz_fana'a himmat-e-dushwaar_pasand
saKHt mushkil hai ki yah kaam bhee aasaaN nikla
[ nau_aamoz = beginner, dushwaar = difficult ]
5. dil meiN fir giryaaN ne ik shor uThaaya 'GHalib'
aah jo qatra na nikla tha, so toofaaN nikla
[ giryaaN = weeping, qatra = drop ]
...........................................................................
1. 'arz-e-niyaaz-e-ishq ke qaabil naheeN raha
jis dil pe naaz tha mujhe wo dil naheeN raha
[ niyaaz = desire/an offering ]
2. jaata hooN daaGH-e-hasarat-e-hastee liye hue
hooN shamma'a_kushta darKHur-e-mehfil naheeN raha
[ hastee = life/existence, shamma'a_kushta = extinguished lamp,
darKHur = worthy ]
3. marne ki 'ei dil aur hee tadabeer kar ki maiN
shaayaan-e-dast-o-baazu-e-qaatil naheeN rahaa
[ tadabeer = solution/remedy, shaayaan = worthy, dast = hand,
baazoo = shoulder ]
4. bararoo-e-shash jihat dar-e-aaina_baaz hai
yaaN imtiaz-e-naakis-o-qaamil naheeN rahaa
[ bararoo = in front, shash = six, jihat = direction,
imtiaz = distinction, naakis = cunning, qaamil = intelligent ]
5. waa kar diye haiN shauq ne band-e-naqaab-e-husn
GHair_az nigaah ab koee haayal naheeN raha
[ waa = open, GHair_az = other than, haayal = obstacle ]
6. go maiN raha, rahee na sitam haaye rozgaar
lekin tere KHayaal se GHaafil naheeN raha
[ sitam = oppression, GHaafil = unaware/careless ]
7. dil se hawa-e-kisht-e-wafa miT gayee ki waaN
haasil siwaay hasrat-e-haasil naheeN raha
8. bedaad-e-ishq se naheeN Darta magar 'Asad'
jis dil pe naaz tha mujhe wo dil naheeN raha
[ bedaad = injustice ]
............................................................................
1. na tha kuchch to KHuda tha, kuchch na hota to KHuda hota
duboya mujhko hone ne, na hota maiN to kya hota ?
2. huaa jab GHam se yooN behis to GHam kya sar ke kaTne ka
na hota gar juda tan se to zaanooN par dhaRa hota
[ behis = shocked/stunned, zaanooN = knee ]
3. huee muddat ke 'GHalib' mar gaya par yaad aata hai
wo har ek baat pe kehana, ke yooN hota to kya hota ?
[ muddat = duration/period ]
............................................................................
1. hazaaroN KHwahishaiN 'eisee ke har KHwahish pe dam nikle
bohot nikle mere armaaN lekin fir bhee kam nikle
2. Dare kyooN mera qaatil kya rahega uskee gardan par
wo KHooN, jo chashm-e-tar se 'umr bhar yooN dam_ba_dam nikle
[ KHooN = blood, chashm = eye, tar = wet, dam_ba_dam = continously ]
3. nikalna KHuld se aadam ka sunte aayaiN haiN lekin
bohot be_aabru hokar tere kooche se ham nikle
[ KHuld = heaven, be_aabaru = disgrace, koocha = street ]
4. bharam khul jaaye zaalim tere qaamat ki daraazee ka
agar is turra-e-pur_pech-o-KHam ka pech-o-KHam nikle
[ daraazee = length/delay, qaamat = stature, turra = an ornamental
tassel worn in the turban, pech-o-KHam = curls in the
hair/complexity ]
5. magar likhwaaye koee usko KHat, to hamse likhawaaye
huee subah aur ghar se kaan par rakhkar qalam nikle
6. huee is daur meiN mansoob mujhse baada_aashaamee
fir aaya wo zamaana, jo jahaaN se jaam-e-jam nikle
[ mansoob = association, baada_aashaamee = association with
drinking ]
7. huee jinse tavaqqo KHastagee kee daad paane kee
wo hamse bhee ziyaada KHasta-e-teGH-e-sitam nikle
[ tavaqqo = expectation, KHastagee = weakness, daad = justice,
KHasta = broken/sick/injured, teGH = sword, sitam = cruelity ]
8. mohabbat meiN naheeN hai farq jeene aur marne kaa
usee ko dekh kar jeete haiN jis kaafir pe dam nikle
9. zara kar jor seene par ki teer-e-pursitam nikle
jo wo nikle to dil nikle, jo dil nikle to dam nikle
10. KHuda ke waaste parda na kaabe se uThaa zaalim
kaheeN 'eisa na ho yaaN bhee wohee kaafir sanam nikle
11. kahaaN maiKHaane ka darwaaza 'GHalib' aur kahaaN waaiz
par itana jaante haiN kal wo jaata tha ke ham nikle
[ waaiz = preacher/advisor ]
.........................................................................
1. ye jo ham hijr meiN deewaar-o-dar ko dekhte haiN
kabhee saba ko kabhee naamaabar ko dekhte haiN
[ hijr = separation, dar = door, saba = wind,
naamaabar = messanger ]
2. woh aaye ghar meiN hamaare KHuda ki kudrat hai
kabhee ham unko, kabhee apane ghar ko dekhte haiN
3. nazar lage na kaheeN uske dast-o-baazoo ko
ye log kyoN mere zaKHm-e-jigar ko dekhtaiN haiN ?
[ dast-o-baazoo = hands & shoulders ]
4. tere jawaahir-e-tarf-e-kulah ko kya dekhaiN ?
ham auj-e-taal'a-e-laal-o-guhar ko dekhte haiN
[ jawaahir = jewels, tarf = golden belt, kulah = crown,
auj = height/position, taal'a = luck, laal-o-guhar = diamonds
& pearls ]
..........................................................................
1. koee din gar zindagaanee aur hai
apne jee meiN hamne THaanee aur hai
2. aatish-e-dozaKH meiN ye garmee kahaaN
soz-e-GHam haay nihaanee aur hai
[ dozaKH = hell, soz = passion/heat, nihaanee = internal/hidden ]
3. baarha dekhee haiN unkee ranjishaiN
par kuchch ab ke sar_giraanee aur hai
[ sar_giraanee = pride ]
4. deke KHat muNh dekhta hai naamabar
kuchch to paiGHaam-e-zabaanee aur hai
[ naamabar = messenger ]
5. qaata-e-'amaar hai aksar nujoom
woh balaa-e-aasmaanee aur hai
[ qaata-e-'amaar = killers, nujoom = stars,
balaa-e-aasmaanee = natural calamity ]
6. ho chukeeN 'GHalib' balaayeN sab tamaam
ek marg-e-naagahaanee aur hai
[ balaayeN = calamities, marg = death, naagahaanee = sudden/
accidental ]
.............................................................................
1. aah ko chaahiye ik 'umr asar hone tak
kaun jeeta hai teree zulf ke sar hone tak ?
2. daam har mauj meiN hai halqa-e-sad_kaam-e-nahaNg
dekhaiN kya guzre hai qatre pe guhar hone tak
[ daam = net/trap, mauj = wave, halqa = ring/circle, sad = hundred,
nahaNg = crocadile, sad_kaam-e-nahaNg = crocadile with a hundred
jaws, guhar = pearl ]
3. aashiqee sabr talab aur tamanna betaab
dil ka kya rang karooN KHoon-e-jigar hone tak ?
[ sabr = patience, talab = search ]
4. ham ne maana ke taGHaful na karoge, lekin
KHaak ho jaayeNge ham tumko KHabar hone tak
[ taGHaful = neglect/ignore ]
5. partav-e-khur se hai shabnam ko fana'a ki taaleem
maiN bhee hooN ik inaayat ki nazar hone tak
[ partav-e-khur = sun's reflection/light/image, shabnam = dew,
fana'a = mortality, inaayat = favour ]
6. yak_nazar besh naheeN fursat-e-hastee GHaafil
garmi-e-bazm hai ik raqs-e-sharar hone tak
[ besh = too much/lots, fursat-e-hastee = duration of life,
GHaafil = careless, raqs = dance, sharar = flash/fire ]
7. GHam-e-hastee ka 'Asad' kis'se ho juz marg ilaaz
shamma'a har rang meiN jaltee hai sahar hone tak
[ hastee = life/existence, juz = other than, marg = death,
sahar = morning ]
............................................................................
1. meherabaaN hoke bula lo mujhe chaaho jis waqt
maiN gaya waqt naheeN hooN ke fir aa bhee na sakooN
2. zauf meiN taana-e-aGHayaar ka shikawa kya hai ?
baat kuchch sar to naheeN hai ke uTha bhee na sakooN
[ zauf = weakness, taana = taunt, aGHayaar = enemy,
shikawa = complaint ]
3. zehar milta hee naheeN mujhko sitamgar, warana
kya qasam hai tere milne kee, ke kha bhee na sakooN
[ sitamgar = oppressor ]
.........................................................................
1. baazeechaa-e-atfaal hai duniya mere aage
hota hai shab-o-roz tamaasha mere aage
[ baazeechaa = play/sport, atfaal = children ]
2. ik khel hai auraNg-e-sulemaaN mere nazdeek
ik baat hai 'eijaz-e-maseeha mere aage
[ auraNg = throne, 'eijaz = miracle ]
3. juz naam naheeN soorat-e-aalam mujhe manzoor
juz waham naheeN hastee-e-ashiya mere aage
[ juz = other than, aalam = world, hastee = existence,
ashiya = things/items ]
4. hota hai nihaaN gard meiN sehara mere hote
ghisata hai jabeeN KHaak pe dariya mere aage
[ nihaaN = hidden, gard = dust, sehara = desert, jabeeN = forehead ]
5. mat pooch ke kya haal hai mera tere peeche ?
too dekh ke kya rang tera mere aage
6. sach kahte ho, KHudbeen-o-KHud_aaraa na kyoN hooN ?
baiTha hai but-e-aainaa_seemaa mere aage
[ KHudbeen = proud/arrogant, KHud_aaraa = self adorer,
but = beloved, aainaa_seemaa = like the face of a mirror ]
7. fir dekhiye andaaz-e-gul_afshaani-e-guftaar
rakh de koee paimaanaa-o-sahba mere aage
[ gul_afshaanee = to scatter flowers, guftaar = speech/discourse,
sahaba = wine, esp. red wine ]
8. nafrat ka gumaaN guzare hai, maiN rashk se guzaraa
kyoN kar kahooN, lo naam na uska mere aage
[ gumaaN = doubt, rashk = envy ]
9. imaaN mujhe roke hai jo khiNche hai mujhe kufr
ka'aba mere peeche hai kaleesa mere aage
[ kufr = impiety, kaleesa = church/cathedral ]
10. aashiq hooN, pe maashooq_farebee hai mera kaam
majnooN ko bura kehti hai laila mere aage
[ farebee = a fraud/cheat ]
11. KHush hote haiN par wasl meiN yoN mar naheeN jaate
aayee shab-e-hijaraaN ki tamanna mere aage
[ hijr = separation ]
12. hai mauj_zan ik qulzum-e-KHooN, kaash, yahee ho
aata hai abhee dekhiye kya-kya mere aage
[ mauj_zan = exciting, qulzum = sea, KHooN = blood ]
13. go haath ko jumbish naheeN aaNhoN meiN to dam hai
rehne do abhee saaGHar-o-meena mere aage
[ jumbish = movement/vibration, saaGHar-o-meena = goblet ]
14. ham_pesha-o-ham_masharb-o-ham_raaz hai mera
'GHalib' ko bura kyoN kaho achchaa mere aage !
[ ham_pesha = of the same profession, ham_masharb = of the
same habits/a fellow boozer, ham_raaz = confidant ]
..........................................................................
1. fir kuchch is dil ko beqaraaree hai
seena zoya-e-zaKHm-e-kaaree hai
[ zoya = searcher, zaKHm-e-kaaree = deep wound ]
2. fir jigar khodane laga naaKHun
aamad-e-fasl-e-laala_qaaree hai
[ aamad = arrival, fasl = season/harvest ]
3. qibla-e-maqsad-e-nigaah-e-niyaaz
fir wahee parda-e-'amaaree hai
[ niyaaz = desire, 'amaaree = rider's seat with a canopy on an
elephant or camel ]
4. chashm-e-dallaal -e- jins-e-ruswaaee
dil KHareedaar-e-zauq-e-KHwaaree hai
[ chashm = eye, jins = things/items, zauq = taste ]
5. wohee sad_rang naala farsaayee
wohee sad_goona ashq_baaree hai
[ sad = hundred, naala farsaayee = lamenter, sad_goona = hundred
times, ashq_baaree = lamentation ]
6. dil hawa-e-KHiraam-e-naaz se fir
mahshristaan-e-beqaraaree hai
[ KHiraam = speed, mahshar = the last day/"qayaamat ka din",
mahshristaan = place of the last day ]
7. jalwa fir arz-e-naaz karta hai
roz-e-baazaar-e-jaaN_sipaaree hai
[ jalwa = splendour, jaaN_sipaaree = resigning one's life into
the hands of another ]
8. fir usee bewafa pe marte haiN
fir wohee zindagee hamaaree hai
9. fir khula hai dar-e-adaalat-e-naaz
garm baazaar-e-fauj_daaree hai
[ dar = abode, fauj_daaree = military court ]
10. ho raha hai jahaan meiN andher
zulf kee fir sarishta_daaree hai
[ sarishta_daaree = a regulator's position ]
11. fir kiya paara-e-jigar ne sawaal
ek fariyaad-o-aah-o-zaaree hai
[ paara = fragment ]
12. fir hue haiN gawaah-e-ishq talab
ashq_baaree ka hukm_zaaree hai
[ talab = search/desire/request, ashq_baaree = lamentation ]
13. dil-o-mizhgaaN ka jo muqadamaa tha
aaj fir uskee roob_qaaree hai
[ mizhgaaN = eyelids, roob_qaaree = to put the mind into work ]
14. be_KHudee be_sabab naheeN 'GHalib'
kuchch to hai jiskee pardaadaaree hai
[ be_KHudee = rapture, be_sabab = without any reason,
pardaadaaree = to hide, esp. fault ]
..........................................................................
1. rone se aur ishq meiN be_baak ho gaye
dhoye gaye ham 'eise ki bas paak ho gaye
[ be_baak = outspoken/bold, paak = pure/clean/holy ]
2. sarf-e-baha-e-mai hue aalaat-e-maikashee
the; ye hee do hisaab, so yoN paak ho gaye
[ sarf = expenditure, baha = value/price, mai = bar,
aalaat = instruments/apparatus, maikashee = boozing ]
3. ruswa-e-dahar go hue aawaargee se tum
baare tabeeyatoN ke to chaalaak ho gaye
[ dahar = world, baare = atlast ]
4. kehta hai kaun naala-e-bulbul ko be_asar
parde meiN gul ke laakh jigar chaak ho gaye
[ chaak = slit/torn ]
5. pooche hai kya wujood-o-adam 'ehl-e-shauq ka
aap apnee aag se KHas-o-KHaashaak ho gaye
[ wujood = existence, adam = non existence,
KHas-o-Khaashaak = destroyed ]
6. karne gaye the; usse taGHaaful ka ham gila
kee ek hee nigaah ki bas KHaak ho gaye
[ taGHaaful = negligence, gila = complaint, KHaak = dust/ashes ]
7. is DHang se uTHaayee kal usne 'Asad' ki laash
dushman bhee jisko dekhke GHamnaak ho gaye
[ GHamnaak = grief stricken ]
..........................................................................
1. woh firaaq aur woh wisaal kahaaN ?
woh shab-o-roz-o-maah-o-saal kahaaN ?
[ firaaq = separation, wisaal = meeting, shab = night,
roz = day, maah = month, saal = year ]
2. fursat-e-kaarobaar-e-shauq kise ?
zauq-e-nazzaraa-e-jamaal kahaaN ?
[ zauq = delight/joy, jamaal = beauty ]
3. dil to dil wo dimaaGH bhee na rahaa
shor-e-sauda-e-KHatt-o-KHaal kahaaN ?
4. thee woh ik shaKHs ke tasavvur se
ab woh raanaai-e-KHayaal kahaaN ?
[ tasavvur = imagination, raanaai-e-KHayaal = tender thoughts ]
5. 'eisa aasaaN naheeN lahoo rona
dil meiN taaqat jigar meiN haal kahaaN ?
[ haal = spiritual ecstasy ]
6. hamse chooTa qamaar_KHaana-e-ishq
waaN jo jawaiN, girah meiN maal kahaaN ?
[ qamaar_khaana = casino, girah = knot/joint ]
7. fikr-e-duniyaaN meiN sar khapaata hooN
maiN kahaaN aur ye wabaal kahaaN ?
[ wabaal = calamity ]
8. muzmahil ho gaye quwa'a 'GHalib'
wo anaasir meiN 'eitdaal kahaaN ?
[ muzmahil = exhausted/idle, quwa'a = limbs, anaasir = elements,
'eitdaal = moderation ]
........................................................................
1. ye na thee hamaaree qismat ke wisaal-e-yaar hota
agar aur jeete rehte yahee intezaar hota
[ wisaal-e-yaar = meeting with lover ]
2. tere waade par jiye ham to ye jaan jhooT jaanaa
ke KHushee se mar na jaate agar 'eitabaar hota
[ 'eitabaar = trust/confidence ]
3. teree naazukee se jaana ki bandha tha 'ehed_booda
kabhee too na toD sakta agar oostuwaar hota
[ 'ehed = oath, oostuwaar = firm/determined ]
4. koee mere dil se pooche tere teer-e-neemkash ko
ye KHalish kahaaN se hotee jo jigar ke paar hota
[ teer-e-neemkash = half drawn arrow, KHalish = pain ]
5. ye kahaaN ki dostee hai ke bane haiN dost naaseh
koee chaarasaaz hota, koee GHamgusaar hota
[ naaseh = councellor, chaarasaaz = healer,
GHamgusaar = sympathizer ]
6. rag-e-sang se Tapakta wo lahoo ki fir na thamta
jise GHam samajh rahe ho, ye agar sharaar hota
[ rag = nerve, sang = stone, sharaar = flash/gleam ]
7. GHam agarche jaaN_gulis hai, pe kahaaN bachaiN ke dil hai
GHam-e-ishq gar na hota, GHam-e-rozgaar hota
[ jaaN_gulis = life threatning ]
8. kahooN kis se maiN ke kya hai, shab-e-GHam buree bala hai
mujhe kya bura tha marna ? agar ek baar hota
9. hue mar ke ham jo ruswa, hue kyoN na GHarq-e-dariya
na kabhee janaaza uThata, na kaheeN mazaar hota
[ GHarq = drown/sink ]
10. use; kauN dekh sakta ki yagaana hai wo yaktaa
jo dooee ki boo bhee hotee to kaheeN do chaar hota
[ yagaana = kinsman, yaktaa = matchless/incomparable, dooee = duality ]
11. ye masaail-e-tasawwuf, ye tera bayaaN 'GHalib' !
tujhe ham walee samajhate, jo na baada_KHwaar hota
[ masaail = topics, tasawwuf = mysticism, walee = prince/friend,
baada_KHwaar = boozer ]
............................................................................
1. dhota hooN jab maiN peene ko us seem_tan ke paaNv
rakhata hai zid se kheeNch ke baahar lagan ke paaNv
[ seem_tan = silver bodied, lagan = a basin ]
2. dee saadgee se jaan paDooN kohakan ke paaNv
haihaat ! kyoN na TooT gaye peerzan ke paaNv
[ kohakan = a mountain digger, haihaat = alas !, peerzan = old woman ]
3. bhaage the; ham bahut see uskee saza hai ye
hokar aseer daabte haiN raahzan ke paaNv
[ aseer = prisoner, raahzan = robber ]
4. marham ki justjoo meiN ghira hooN jo door-door
tan se siwa figaar hai is KHastaa_tan ke paaNv
[ justjoo = desire, figaar = wounded ]
5. allaah re zauq-e-dasht-e-nawrdee ki baad-e-marg
hilte haiN Khud-ba-KHud mere andar qafan ke paaNv
[ zauq = taste, dasht-e-nawrdee = to roam around in wilderness,
marg = death ]
6. hai josh-e-gul bahaar meiN yaaN tak ki har taraf
uDate hue ulajhte haiN murGH-e-chaman ke paaNv
[ murGH = bird ]
7. shab ko kisee ke KHwaab meiN aaya na ho kaheeN
dukhte haiN aaj oos but-e-naazuk_badan ke paaNv
[ but = idol/beloved ]
8. 'GHalib' mere kalaam meiN kyoNkar maza na ho ?
peeta hooN dhoke KHusrau-e-sheereeN_suKHan ke paaNv
[ kalaam = writing/speech, sheereeN = sweet, suKHan = speech/words,
KHusrau-e-sheereeN_suKHan = this is pointed at Badshah Zafar ]
............................................................................
1. hairaaN hooN dil ko ro'ooN ki peetooN jigar ko maiN ?
maqdoor hooN to saath rakhooN nauhaagar ko maiN
[ maqdoor = capable, nauhaagar = mourner/lamenter ]
2. choDa na rashk ne ki tere ghar ka naam looN ?
har ek se poochta hooN ki jaaooN kidhar ko maiN ?
[ rashk = jealousy ]
3. jaana paDa raqeeb ke dar par hazaar baar
'ei kaash jaanta na teree rahguzar ko maiN
[ raqeeb = opponent, rahguzar = road/path ]
4. hai kya jo kas ke baaNdhiye meree bala dar'e
kya jaanta naheeN hooN tumhaaree kamar ko maiN ?
5. lo woh bhee kahate haiN ki yeh be_nang-o-naam hai
yeh jaanta agar to luTaata na ghar ko maiN
6. chalta hooN thoDee door har ik tez rau ke saath
pehchaanta naheeN hooN abhee raahabar ko maiN
[ rau = currents, raahabar = guide ]
7. KHwaahish ko 'ahamqoN ne parastish diya qaraar
kya poojta hooN us but-e-bedaadgar ko maiN ?
[ 'ahmaq = fool/idiot, parastish = worship, but = idol/lover,
bedaadgar = cruel ]
8. fir be_KHudee meiN bhool gaya raah-e-koo-e-yaar
jaata wagarna ek din apnee KHabar ko maiN
[ be_KHudee = rapture, koo-e-yaar = lover's street ]
9. apne pe kar raha hooN qiyaas 'ahl-e-dahar ka
samjha hooN dil_pazeer mata'a-e-hunar ko maiN
[ qiyaas = supposition, 'ahl = people, dahar = period/era,
pazeer = receiving, mata'a = wealth, hunar = skill ]
10. 'GHalib' KHuda kare ki sawaar-e-samand-e-naaz
dekhooN 'alee_bahaadur-e-aalee_guhar ko maiN
[ sawaar = ride, samand = horse, aalee_guhar = belonging to a
high caste or a rich family ]
.............................................................................
1. dard minnat_kash-e-dawa na huaa
maiN na achchaa huaa, bura na huaa
[ minnat_kash-e-dawa = obliged to medicine ]
2. jama'a karate ho kyoN raqeeboN ka ?
ik tamaasha huaa gila na huaa
[ raqeeb = opponent, gila = complaint ]
3. ham kahaaN qismat aazmaane jaayaiN ?
too hee jab KHanjar aazma na huaa
4. kitne sheereeN haiN tere lab ! ki raqeeb
gaaliyaaN khaake be_maza na huaa
[ sheereeN = sweet ]
5. hai KHabar garm unke aane kee
aaj hee ghar meiN boriya na huaa !
[ boriya = mat, here it refers to groceries ]
6. kya woh namrood kee KHudaaee thee
bandagee meiN tera bhala na huaa
[ namrood = an old king who used to say that he was god ]
7. jaan dee, dee huee usee ki thee
haq to ye hai ke haq adaa na huaa
8. zaKHm gar dab gaya, lahoo na thama
kaam gar ruk gaya rawa na huaa
[ rawa = right/lawful ]
9. rahzanee hai ki dil_sitaanee hai ?
leke dil, dil_sitaaN rawa na huaa
[ dil_sitaaN = lover, rawa = agree/admissible ]
10. kuchch to paDhiye ki log kehte haiN
"aaj 'GHalib' GHazalsara na huaa"
........................................................................
1. koee ummeed bar naheeN aatee
koee soorat nazar naheeN aatee
2. maut ka ek din mu'ayyan hai
neeNd kyoN raat bhar naheeN aatee ?
[ mu'ayyan = definite ]
3. aage aatee thee haal-e-dil pe haNsee
ab kisee baat par naheeN aatee
4. jaanta hooN sawaab-e-taa'at-o-zahad
par tabeeyat idhar naheeN aatee
[ sawaab = reward of good deeds in next life, taa'at = devotion,
zahad = religious deeds or duties ]
5. hai kuchch 'eisee hee baat jo chup hooN
warna kya baat kar naheeN aatee ?
6. kyoN na cheeKHooN ki yaad karate haiN
meree aawaaz gar naheeN aatee
7. daaGH-e-dil gar nazar naheeN aata
boo bhee 'ei chaaraagar ! naheeN aatee
[ chaaraagar = healer/doctor ]
8. ham wahaaN haiN jahaaN se hamko bhee
kuchch hamaaree KHabar naheeN aatee
9. marte haiN aarzoo meiN marne ki
maut aatee hai par naheeN aatee
10. kaaba'a kis muNh se jaaoge 'GHalib'
sharm tumko magar naheeN aatee
........................................................................
1. nuktaacheeN hai GHam-e-dil usko sunaaye na bane
kya bane baat jahaaN baat banaaye na bane
[ nuktaacheeN = critic/sweetheart ]
2. maiN bulaata to hooN usko magar 'ei jazba-e-dil
uspe ban jaaye kuchch 'eisee ki bin aaye na bane
3. khel samjha hai kaheeN choD na de, bhool na jaay
kaash ! yooN bhee ho ki bin mere sataaye na bane
4. GHair firta hai liye yooN tere KHat ko ki agar
koee pooche ki yeh kya hai ? to chipaaye na bane
5. is nazaakat ka bura ho, woh bhale haiN to kya
haaNth aaye to unhaiN haaNth lagaaye na bane
[ nazaakat = elegance ]
6. keh sake kaun ki yeh jalwaa_garee kiskee hai
parda choDa hai woh usne ki uTHaaye na bane
[ jalwaa_garee = manifestation ]
7. maut kee raah na dekhooN ki bin aaye na rahe
tumko chaahooN ki na aao, to bulaaye na bane
8. bojh woh sar pe gira hai ki uTHaaye na uTHe
kaam woh aan paDa hai, ki banaaye na bane
9. ishq par zor naheeN, hai ye woh aatish 'GHalib'
ki lagaaye na lage aur bujhaaye na bane
[ aatish = fire ]
..........................................................................
1. ishq mujhko naheeN, wehshat hee sahee
meree wehshat, teree shohrat hee sahee
[ wehshat = solitude, shohrat = fame ]
2. qata`a keeje na ta`alluq ham se
kuchch naheeN hai to `adaavat hee sahee
[ qata'a = break/intercept, ta'alluq = relation/connection,
'adaavat = hatred/animosity ]
3. mere hone meiN hai kya ruswaaee ?
'ei woh majlis naheeN KHalwat hee sahee
[ majlis = assembly, KHalwat = isolation ]
4. ham bhee dushman to naheeN haiN apne
GHair ko tujh se mohabbat hee sahee
5. apnee hastee hee se ho, jo kuchch ho !
aagahee gar naheeN GHaflat hee sahee
[ hastee = existence, aagahee = knowledge/information,
GHaflat = negligence ]
6. 'umr harchand ke hai barq-e-KHiraam
dil ke KHooN karne ki fursat hee sahee
[ barq = lightning, KHiraam = manner of walking ]
7. ham koee tarq-e-wafa karte haiN
na sahee ishq, museebat hee sahee
[ tarq = relinquishment ]
8. kuchch to de 'ei falak-e-na_insaaf
aah-o-fariyaad ki ruKHasat hee sahee
[ falak = sky ]
9. ham bhee tasleem kee KHoo Daalenge
be_niyaazee teree `aadat hee sahee
[ tasleem = greeting/saluting, KHoo = habit,
be_niyaazee = independence ]
10. yaar se cheDa chalee jaay, 'Asad'
gar nahee wasl to hasrat hee sahee
[ wasl = meeting, hasrat = desire ]
......................................................................
1. dil hee to hai na sang-o-KHisht dard se bhar na aaye kyoN ?
royeNge ham hazaar baar, koee hameiN sataaye kyoN ?
[ sang = stone, KHisht = brick ]
2. dair naheeN, haram naheeN, dar naheeN, aastaaN naheeN
baiTHe haiN rehguzar pe ham, GHair hameiN uTHaaye kyoN ?
[ dair = temple, haram = mosque, dar = gate, aastaaN = abode,
rehguzar = path/way ]
3. jab woh jamaal-e-dil_faroz, soorat-e-meher-e-neem_roz
aap hee ho nazzaara_soz, parde meiN muNh chupaaye kyoN ?
[ jamaal = beauty, faroz = shining/luminous, meher = sun,
neem_roz = mid day, nazzaara_soz = beautiful/worth seeing ]
4. dashna-e-GHamza jaaN_sitaaN, naawak-e-naaz be_panaah
tera hee aks-e-ruKH sahee, saamne tere aaye kyoN ?
[ dashna = dagger, GHamza = amorous glance, jaaN_sitaaN = distroying
life, naawak = a kind of arrow, aks = image ]
5. qaid-e-hayaat-o-band-e-GHam asl meiN dono ek haiN
maut se pehle aadmee GHam se nijaat paaye kyoN ?
[ hayaat = life, band-e-Gham = conceled sorrows,
nijaat = release/liberation ]
6. husn aur uspe husn_zan rah gayee bulhawas ki sharm
apne pe 'eitmaad hai, GHair ko aazmaaye kyoN ?
[ husn_zan = favourable view, bulhawas = slave of passions/very
greedy, 'eitmaad = reliance/dependance ]
7. waaN wo GHuroor-e-iz'z-o-naaz yaaN yeh hijaab-e-paas-e-waz'a
raah meiN ham mile kahaaN, bazm meiN wo bulaaye kyoN ?
[ GHuroor = pride, iz'z-o-naaz = respect and beauty,
hijaab = veil/modesty, paas = regard, waz'a = behaviour ]
8. haaN wo naheeN KHuda_parast, jaao wo be_wafa sahee
jisko ho deen-o-dil 'azeez, uskee galee meiN jaaye kyoN ?
[ parast = worshipper, deen = religion/faith ]
9. 'GHalib'-e-KHasta ke baGHair kaun se kaam band haiN ?
roiye zaar-zaar kya, keejiye haay-haay kyoN ?
[ KHasta = sick/injured, zaar-zaar = bitterly ]
..........................................................................
1. muddat huee hai yaar ko mehmaaN kiye hue
josh-e-qadah se bazm chiraaGHaaN kiye hue
[ qadah = goblet ]
2. karta hooN jama'a fir jigar-e-laKHt-laKHt ko
arsa hua hai daawat-e-mizhgaaN kiye hue
[ laKHt = piece, mizhgaaN = eyelid ]
3. fir waz'a-e-'ehtiyaat se rukane laga hai dam
barsoN hue haiN chaak girebaaN kiye hue
[ waz'a = conduct/behaviour, 'ehtiyaat = care, chaak = torn,
girebaaN = collar ]
4. fir garm_naala haay sharar_baar hai nafas
muddat huee hai sair-e-chiraaGHaaN kiye hue
[ sharar_baar = raining sparks of fire, nafas = breath ]
5. fir pursish-e-jaraahat-e-dil ko chala hai ishq
saamaan-e-sad_hazaar namakdaaN kiye hue
[ pursish = enquiry, jaraahat (or jiraahat) = surgery, sad = hundred,
namakdaaN = container to keep salt ]
6. fir bhar raha hai KHaama-e-mizhgaaN ba_KHoon-e-dil
saaz-e-chaman_taraazee-e-daamaaN kiye hue
[ KHaama = pen, mizhgaaN = eyelid, saaz = disposition,
taraazee = consenting ]
7. baa_ham_digar hue haiN dil-o-deeda fir raqeeb
nazzaara-o-KHayaal ka saamaaN kiye hue
[ ham_digar = mutual/in between, saamaaN = confront ]
8. dil fir tawaaf-e-koo-e-malaamat ko jaai hai
pindaar ka saman_kada weeraaN kiye hue
[ tawaaf = circuit, koo = lane/street, malaamat = rebuke/blame,
pindaar = pride/arrogance, saman_kada = house of jasmine flowers,
here it means temple ]
9. fir shauq kar raha hai KHareedaar kee talab
arz-e-mata'a-e-'aql-o-dil-o-jaaN kiye hue
[ talab = search, mata'a = valuables ]
10. dauDe hai fir harek gul-o-laala par KHayaal
sad_gul_sitaaN nigaah ka saamaaN kiye hue
11. fir chaahta hooN naama-e-dildaar kholna
jaaN nazr-e-dil_farebee-e-unwaaN kiye hue
[ naama-e-dildaar = love letter, unwaaN = title/preface ]
12. maange hai fir kisee ko lab-e-baam par hawas
zulf-e-siyaah ruKH pe pareshaaN kiye hue
[ lab-e-baam = the corner of a terrace, siyaah = black/dark ]
13. chaahe fir kisee ko muqaabil meiN aarzoo
soorme se tez dashna-e-mizhgaaN kiye hue
[ muqaabil = confronting, dashna = dagger, mizhgaaN = eyelids ]
14. ik nau_bahaar-e-naaz ko taaqe hai fir nigaah
chehra furoGH-e-mai se gulistaaN kiye hue
[ nau_bahaar-e-naaz = lover, furoGH = light/bright ]
15. fir jee meiN hai ki dar pe kisee ke paDe rahaiN
sar zar-e-baar-e-minnat-e-darbaaN kiye hue
[ zar = money/wealth, baar = burden/load, minnat = supplicate ]
16. jee DhoonDta hai fir wohee fursat ke raat din
baiTHe rahaiN tasavvur-e-jaanaaN kiye hue
[ tasavvur = imagination ]
17. 'GHalib' hameiN na cheD ki fir josh-e-ashq se
baiTHe haiN ham tahayya-e-toofaaN kiay hue
[ tahayya = determined ]
........................................................................
1. bus ki dushwaar hai har kaam ka aasaaN hona
aadmee ko bhee muyassar naheeN insaaN hona
[ dushwaar = difficult, muyassar = possible ]
2. giriya chaahe hai KHaraabee mere kaashaane ki
dar-o-deevaar se Tapke hai bayaabaaN hona
[ giriyaaN = weeping, kaashaana = house, bayaabaaN = wilderness ]
3. waa-e-deewaangee-e-shauq, ke har dam mujhko
aap jaana udhar aur aap hee hairaaN hona
4. jalva az_bas ki taqaaza-e-nigah karta hai
jauhar-e-aaina bhee chaahe hai mizhgaaN hona
[ az = from/then/by, jauhar = skill/knowledge, mizhgaaN = eyelid ]
5. ishrat-e-qatl_gah-e-'ehl-e-tamanna mat pooch
id-e-nazzaara hai shamsheer ka uriyaaN hona
[ ishrat = joy/delight, shamsheer = sword, uriyaaN = naked/bare ]
6. le gaye KHaak meiN ham daaGH-e-tamanna-e-nishaat
too ho aur aap ba_sad_rang-e-gulistaaN hona
[ nishaat (or nashaat) = enthusiasm/happiness, sad_rang = hundred
colours ]
7. ishrat-e-paara-e-dil, zaKHm-e-tamanna_KHaana
lazzat-e-reesh-e-jigar GHarq-e-namakdaaN hona
[ ishrat = joy/delight, paara = fragment/piece, lazzat = taste,
reesh = wound, GHarq = drown/sink, namakdaaN = container to
keep salt ]
8. kee mere qatl ke baad usne jafa se tauba
haay us zood_pashemaaN ka pashemaaN hona
[ jafa = oppression, zood = quickly, pashemaaN = ashamed/
embarrassed ]
9. haif us chaar girah kapDe ki qismat 'GHalib'
jis ki qismat meiN ho aashiq ka girebaaN hona
[ haif = alas!, girah = one sixteenth of a yard, girebaaN = collar ]
............................................................................
1. fir mujhe deeda-e-tar yaad aaya
dil jigar tashna-e-fariyaad aaya
[ deeda-e-tar = wet eyes, tashna (or tishna ) = thirsty ]
2. dam liya tha na qayaamat ne hanoz
fir tera waqt-e-safar yaad aaya
[ hanoz = yet/still ]
3. saadgee haay tamanna, yaanee
fir wo nai_rang-e-nazar yaad aaya
[ nai_rang = fascinating ]
4. uzr-e-waamaaNdagee 'ei hasarat-e-dil
naala karta tha jigar yaad aaya
[ uzr = excuse, waamaaNdagee = tiredness ]
5. zindgee yoN bhee guzar hi jaatee
kyoN tera raahguzar yaad aaya ?
6. kya hee rizwaaN se laDaayee hogee
ghar tera KHuld meiN gar yaad aaya
[ rizwaaN = doorkeeper of paradise, KHuld = heaven/paradise ]
7. aah woh jurat-e-fariyaad kahaaN
dil se tang aake jigar yaad aaya
[ jurat = courage/valour ]
8. fir tere kooche ko jaata hai KHayaal
dil-e-gumgashta magar yaad aaya
[ koocha = a narrow street/lane, gumgashta = missing ]
9. koee weeraanee-see-weeraanee hai
dasht ko dekh ke ghar yaad aaya
[ dasht = desert ]
10. maiNne majnooN pe laDakpan meiN 'Asad'
sang uTHaaya tha ki sar yaad aaya
[ sang = stone ]
.........................................................................
1. kisee ko de ke dil koee nawaa_sanj-e-fuGHaaN kyoN ho ?
na ho jab dil hee seene meiN to fir muNh meiN zubaaN kyoN ho ?
[ nawaa_sanj = singer, fuGHaaN = clamour ]
2. woh apnee KHoo na choDenge, ham apnee waz'a kyoN badleiN ?
subak_sar banke kya poocheiN ki ham se sar_giraaN kyoN ho ?
[ KHoo = habit, waz'a = conduct/behaviour, subak_sar = light headed/
unsteady, sar_giraaN = arrogant/proud ]
3. kiya GHam_KHwaar ne ruswa, lage aag is muhabbat ko
na laaye taab jo GHam ki, woh mera raazdaaN kyoN ho ?
[ GHam_Khawaar = comforter, taab = courage/patience,
raazdaaN = friend ]
4. wafa kaisee ? kahaaN ka ishq ? jab sar phoDna THehra
to fir 'ei sang_dil tera hee sang-e-aastaaN kyoN ho ?
[ sang_dil = hard hearted/merciless, sang-e-aastaaN = threshold ]
5. qafas meiN mujh se roodaad-e-chaman kehte na Dar hamdam
giree hai jis pe kal bijlee woh mera aashiyaaN kyoN ho ?
[ qafas = cage/prison, roodaad = report/statement ]
6. ye kah sakte ho "ham dil meiN naheeN haiN" par ye batlaao
ki jab dil meiN tumhee-tum ho to aaNkho se nihaaN kyoN ho ?
[ nihaaN = hidden ]
7. GHalat hai jazba-e-dil ka shikwa, dekho juRm kiska hai
na khiNcho gar tum apne ko kashaakash darmiyaaN kyoN ho ?
[ jazba = desire/feeling, shikwa = complaint,
kashaakash = struggle/dilemma, darmiyaaN = betwwen ]
8. ye fitna aadmee ki KHaana_weeraanee ko kya kam hai ?
hue tum dost jiske, dushman uska aasmaaN kyoN ho ?
[ fitna = quarrel, KHaanaa_weeraanee = ruinning of home ]
9. yahee hai aazmaana to sataana kis ko kehte haiN ?
`adoo ke ho liye jab tum to mera imtihaaN kyoN ho ?
[ 'adoo = enemy, imtihaaN = examination ]
10. kaha tumne ki "kyoN ho GHair ke milne meiN ruswaaee ?"
baja kehte ho, sach kehte ho, fir kahiyo ki "haaN kyoN ho ?"
[ ruswaaee = disgrace, baja = right/correct ]
11. nikaala chaahata hai kaam kya taa'anoN se too 'GHalib'
tere be_mehar kehne se wo tujh par meharabaaN kyoN ho ?
[ taa'an = taunter, be_mehar = unkind/repulsive ]
............................................................................
1. zulmat_kade meiN mere shab-e-GHam ka josh hai
ik shamma'a hai daleel-e-sahar, so KHamosh hai
[ zulmat = darkness, daleele = proof, sahar = morning ]
2. nai muzda-e-wisaal na nazzaara-e-jamaal
muddat huee ki aashtee-e-chashm-o-gosh hai
[ muzda = good news, wisaal = meeting, nazzaara-e-jamaal = seeing
a beautiful face, aashtee = harmony/friendship/peace, chashm = eye,
gosh = ear ]
3. mai ne kiya hai, husn-e-KHud_aara ko be_hijaab
'ai shauq, yaaN ijaazat-e-tasleem-e-hosh hai
[ mai = bar, KHud_aara = self adorer, hijaab = veil,
tasleem = greeting ]
4. gauhar ko ikd-e-gardan-e-KHubaaN meiN dekhna
kya auj par sitaara-e-gauhar_farosh hai
[ gauhar = pearl/gem, ikd-e-gardan = necklace, KHubaaN = a beautiful
person/sweetheart, auj = highest point/summit, farosh = merchant ]
5. deedaar, waada, hausla, saaqee, nigaah-e-mast
bazm-e-KHayaal maikada-e-be_KHarosh hai
[ deedaar = appearance, be_KHarosh = quite/dead ]
6. 'ei taaza waaridan-e-bisaat-e-hawa-e-dil
zinhaar gar tumhaiN hawas-e-na-o-nosh hai
[ waaridan = arrivals, bisaat = chess, hawa = desire/greed,
zinhaar = be warned !, hawas = lust/greed, na-o-nosh = feasting/
drinking ]
7. dekho mujhe jo deeda-e-ibrat_nigaah ho
meree suno jo gosh-e-naseehat_niyosh hai
[ deedaa= sight, ibrat = admonition, gosh = ear, naseehat = advice,
niyosh = listener ]
8. saaqee ba_jalwa dushman-e-imaan-o-aagahee
mutrib ba_naGHma rahzan-e-tamkeen-o-hosh hai
[ aagahee = wisdom, mutrib = singer, rahazan = robber,
tamkeen = authority/power ]
9. ya shab ko dekhte the; ki har gosha-e-bisaat
daamaan-e-baaGHbaan-o-kaf-e-gul_farosh hai
[ gosha = corner, baaGHbaan = gradener, kaf = sleeve,
gul_farosh = florist ]
10. lutf-e-KHiraam-e-saaqee-o-zauq-e-sada-e-chang
yeh jannat-e-nigaah woh firdaus-e-gosh hai
[ KHiraam = speed, zauq = taste, sada = sound, chang = lute,
firdaus = paradise, gosh = ear ]
11. ya subh dam jo dekhiye aakar to bazm meiN
nai woh suroor-o-soz na josh-o-KHarosh hai
[ suroor = pleasure, soz = passion/heat ]
12. daaGH-e-firaaq-e-sohabat-e-shab kee jalee hooee
ik shamma`a reh gaee hai so wo bhee KHamosh hai
[ firaaq = separation, sohabat = company ]
13. aate haiN GHaib se ye mazaameeN KHayaal meiN
'GHalib', sareer-e-KHaama nawa-e-sarosh hai
[ GHaib = hidden/mysterious, mazaameeN = topics, sareer = scratching
sound made by a pen, KHaama = pen, nawa = sound, sarosh = angel ]
............................................................................
1. hai bas ki har ik unke ishaare meiN nishaaN aur
karte haiN muhobbat to guzarata hai gumaaN aur
[ gumaaN = doubt/suspicion ]
2. yaarab ! wo na samjhe haiN na samjheNge meree baat
de aur dil unko, jo na de mujhko zubaaN aur
3. abroo se hai kya us nigah-e-naaz ko paiwand
hai teer muqarrar magar uskee hai kamaaN aur
[ abroo = eyebrow, paiband = patch ]
4. tum shahar meiN ho to hameiN kya GHam ? jab uTHeNge
le aayenge baazaar se jaakar dil-o-jaaN aur
5. harchand subak_dast hue but_shikanee meiN
ham haiN, to abhee raah meiN hai sang-e-giraaN aur
[ subak_dast (or sabuk_dast both are correct) = expert,
but_shikanee = iconoclast, sang = stone, giraaN = heavy ]
6. hai KHoon-e-jigar josh meiN dil khol ke rota
hote kaee jo deeda-e-KHooNnaaba_fishaaN aur
[ deeda = eye, KHooNnaaba = mixture of blood and water,
{KHooNnaaba = KHooN (= blood) + aab (= water)}, fishaaN = shed
/spread, KHooNnaaba_fishaaN = to sheds tears of blood ]
7. marta hooN is aawaaz pe harchand sar uD jaay
jallaad ko lekin wo kahe jaayaiN ki 'haaN aur'
[ jallaad = executioner ]
8. logoN ko hai KHursheed-e-jahaaN taab ka dhoka
har roz dikhaata hooN maiN ik daaGH-e-nihaaN aur
[ Khursheed = sun, taab = power/courage, nihaaN = hidden ]
9. leta, na agar dil tumhe deta, koee dam cheiNn
karta, jo na marta koee din, aah-o-fuGHaaN aur
[ fuGHaaN = clamour ]
10. paate naheeN jab raah, to chaD jaate haiN naale
ruktee hai meree tab'a to hotee hai ravaaN aur
[ naale = lamentation, tab'a = temperament ]
11. haiN aur bhee duniya meiN suKHanwar bohot achche
kehte haiN ki 'GHalib' ka hai andaaz-e-bayaaN aur
[ suKHanwar = poet ]
...........................................................................
Article 10016 of rec.music.indian.misc:
Path: news.uakron.edu!usenet.ins.cwru.edu!howland.reston.ans.net!gatech!concert!rutgers!headwall.Stanford.EDU!nntp.Stanford.EDU!rustcat
From: rustcat@leland.Stanford.EDU (Veep-Veep!)
Newsgroups: rec.music.indian.misc
Subject: Urdu Dictionary (wrt nitpicking about Urdu pronounciations)
Message-ID: <1993Nov30.010028.14348@leland.Stanford.EDU>
Date: 30 Nov 93 01:00:28 GMT
Sender: news@leland.Stanford.EDU (Mr News)
Organization: CDR, Stanford University
Lines: 1975
In fact, it bothers me so much that I've decided to post this gem of a
ascii dictionary that contains all you need to know about Urdu words to post
lyrics properly. I believe this was created by Dinesh Prabhu who's clearly
spent a lot of effort and produced a great source of reference.
Use it.
With acknowledgements to DINESH PRABHU (prabhu@amelia.nas.nasa.gov)
################################################################################
Alphabet
--------
Vowel Pronunciation Key
-----------------------
a : "u" in "but"
aa : "a" in "far"
e : "e" in "bed"
i : "i" in "fit"
ee : "ee" in "feet"
o : "o" in "code"
u : "u" in "put"
oo : "oo" in "booed"
au : "ow" in "how"
ai : "ei" in "neighbor"
Notes: 1. ' indicates a glottal stop (pronounced like "uh") in very careful
----- speech. Normally, however, it is not pronounced at the beginning
of a word and in other positions it represents 'aa'.
2. The combination 'ah' at the end of a word is pronounced like 'aa'
or 'e'. For example: 'jagah' could be 'jagaa' or 'jage', i.e., the
h is silent.
3. The combination 'ah' or 'aH' in the middle of a word is pronounced
like 'e'.
4. n. (n period) indicates nasalization.
5. a - is used to distinguish between sh and s+h, kh and k+h, etc.
Letter Transcription Remarks
------ ------------- -------
'alif : a Could also stand for an unspecified initial vowel
be : b
pe : p Does not occur in Arabic
te : t Used in native words
Te : T Does not occur in Arabic and Persian
se : s Used in loan words
jeem : j
che : ch Does not occur in Arabic
baRi he : H Used in loan words
khe : kh
daal : d
Daal : D Does not occur in Arabic and Persian
zaal : z Used in loan words
re : r
Re : R Does not occur in Arabic and Persian
ze : z Used in native words
zhe : zh Does not occur in Arabic
seen : s
sheen : sh
saad : s Used in loan words
zaad : z Used in loan words
to-e : t Used in loan words
zo-e : z Used in loan words
ain : ' Could also stand for an unspecified initial vowel
ghain : gh
fe : f
qaaf : q
kaaf : k
gaaf : g Does not occur in Arabic
laam : l
meem : m
noon : n
vaa-o : w Stands for oo/o/au at the end of a word. In the
middle it could stand for w/oo/o/au
chhoTi he: h Used in native words
chhoTi ye: y Stand for ee/e/ai at the end of a word. In the
middle it could stand for y/ee/e/ai
baRi ye : y Occurs only at the end of a word and stands for
e or ai
################################################################################
Abbreviations
-------------
Grammatical Word Origin
----------- -----------
n.f. : noun feminine P : Persian
n.m. : noun masculine A : Arabic
pron. : pronoun T : Turkish
adj. : adjective H : Hindi
v. : verb S : Sanskrit
adv. : adverb G : Greek
conj. : conjunction
intj. : interjection
prep. : preposition
suff. : suffix
pref. : prefix
fig. : figurative
plu. : plural
lit. : literal
poet. : poetic
################################################################################
Vocabulary
----------
'alif (long)
------------
aab: P n.m. water
aab: P n.f. splendor/elegance/polish/brightness/
temper(steel)/lustre(gems)/sharpness(sword)
aab-e-aa'inah: n.f. polish of a mirror
aab-e-talkh: n.m. bitter water/tears/wine
aab-e-chashm: n.m. tears
aabaad: P adj. populated/inhabited/peopled/prosperous/happy
aabru: P n.f. honor/fame/good name/dignity
aap: H pron. self/selves/respectful term of address
aatish: P n.f. fire
aatmaa: S n.f. soul/spirit/mind
aasim: A n.m. sinner/culprit
aakhir: A adj. last/final
aadaab: A n.m. manners (plu. of adab)
aadmi: P n.m. man (lit. offspring of Adam)
aadmiyyat: A n.f. humanity/human nature/civility
aaraa: P adj. embellishing/adorning
aaraam: P n.m. rest/repose/respite/relief/ease/comfort
aara'ish P n.f. decoration/adornment/beauty
aarzoo: P n.f. yearning/desire/wish/longing
aaz: P n.f. ardent desire/lust/covetousness
aazaad: P n.f. free/unrestrained
aazardah: P adj. annoyed/dejected/uneasy/gloomy/sad
aazmaa'ish: P n.f. trial/experiment/testing/proving
aas: H n.f. longing/desire/hope/faith/shelter/refuge
aasaan: P adj. light/facile/easy
aasraa: H n.m. means of subsistence/protection/shelter
aasmaan: P n.m. heaven/sky
aasmaani: P adj. heavenly/celestial/azure
aasoodah: P adj. opulent/rich/satisfied
aashaa: S n.f. desire/hope/longing
aashuftah: P adj. perplexed/careworn/distracted/confused
aashnaa: P n.m. aquaintance/friend/lover
aashiyaan.: P n.m. nest/house
aakhaaz: P n.m. commencement/outset/beginning
aaghosh: P n.f/m. embrace/lap/bosom
aafaat: A n.f. evils/disasters/misfortunes (plu. of aafat)
aaftaab: P n.m. sun
aag: H n.f. flame/fire (fig. anger/passion/love/lust)
aalaap: H n.f. conversation/preparatory tuning
aan.ch: H n.f. flame/warmth/fervor/loss/grief
aan.chal: H n.m. corner of the 'dopaTTa' worn by women
aan.dhee: H n.f. dust-storm/hurricane
aan.soo: H n.m. tears
aawaarah: P adj. without home
aawaarah: P n.m. wanderer/vagrant/destitute
aawaaz: P n.f. noise/sound/cry/shout
aawaazah: P n.m. rumor/fame/report/reputation
aah: P n.f. sigh
aahistah: P adv. softly/leisurely/slowly
aa'inah: P n.m. mirror
aayandah: P adj. hereafter/in the future
################################################################################
'alif (short)
-------------
ab: H adv. now/presently
ubaal: H n.m. boiling/rage/anger
ibtidaa': A n.f. commencement/beginning
abtar: P adj. ruined/scattered/worthless
ibtisaam: A n.m. smile/cheerfulness
ibtilaa: A n.m. trial/misfortune/suffering
abad: A n.f. eternity
abr: P n.m. cloud
abroo: P n.m. eyebrow
absaar: A n.m. eyes (plu. of basr)
ibn: A n.m. son
abnaa': A n.m. sons (plu. of ibn)
ittiHaad: A n.m. union/alliance
ittifaaq: A n.m. agreement/concord/chance/event/opportunity
ittifaaqaan: A adv. accidentally
ittikaa': A n.m. dependence/reliance
itlaaf: A n.m. loss/ruin/decay
itmaam: A n.m. completion/perfection
ittihaam: A n.m. charge/imputation/blame
aTak: H n.f. obstacle/obstruction
isbaat: A n.m. proof
asar: A n.m. mark/sign/trace/effect
ujaaR: H adj. ruined/waste/abandoned
ijaazat: A n.f. permission/leave/sanction
ajnabee: A n.m. stranger/foreigner/alien
iHtiyaaj: A n.f. need
iHtiyaat: A n.f. caution/heed
aHzaan: A n.m. sorrows (plu. of huzn)
iHsaas: A n.m. feeling/emotion
iHsaan: A n.m. beneficence/favor/good deed
akhbaar: A n.m. news/newspaper
ikhtiyaar: A n.m. choice/option/power/influence/control/authority
akhz: A n.m. grasping/seizing/taking
ikhlaas: A n.m. sincerity/purity/love/selfless worship
adaa: A n.f. payment of debt/settlement
adaa: P n.f. charm/grace/beauty
idraak: A n.m. perception/comprehension
adib: A n.m. learned, man of letters (plu. udabaa')
iraadah: A n.m. aim/object/will/desire
arjmand: P adj. exalted
urdoo: T n.f. army/camp
irshaad: A n.m. instruction/order/command/guidance
arz: A n.f. land/region/earth
armaan: P n.m. desire/yearning/wish
azal: A n.f. eternity/without beginning
asaas: A n.f. foundation
asbaab: A n.m. causes/motives/means
ustaad: P n.m. master/professor
isti'faa: A n.m. resignation
isti'maal: A n.m. application/usage/use
asad: A n.m. lion
asraar: A n.m. secrets (plu. of sirr)
israaf: A n.m. waste/extravagance
asfaar: A n.m. voyages/travels (plu. of safar)
asqaam: A n.m. evils/weaknesses/defects (plu. of suqm)
asir: A n.m. prisoner/captive
ishaarah: P n.m. gesture/symbol/wink/sign
ishtihaar: A n.m. notification/poster/reputation/renown
ishtiyaaq: A n.m. longing/craving/desire
ishraaq: A n.m. dawn/day break/lustre
ashfaaq: A n.m. favors (plu. of shafaq)
ishfaaq: A n.m. compassion/kindness
ashqiyaa': A n.m. cruel/heartless (plu. of shaqi)
ashk: P n.m. tearS
as-haab: A n.m. lords/masters (plu. of saahib)
israar: A n.m. obduracy/persistence/obstinacy
asl: A n.m. root/foundation/essence (plu. usool)
asli: A adj. original/genuine/real/true
iztiraab: A n.m. restlessness/perturbation/anxiety
iztiraar: A n.m. helplessness/agitation/constraint
atfaal: A n.m. children/offspring (plu. of tifl)
iz-haar: A n.m. disclosure/proclamation/statement/testimony
i'tibaar: A n.m. trust/confidence/faith/reliance
i'tiraaz: A n.m. objection/criticism/protest
i'jaaz: A n.m. miracle/marvel/wonder
i'laam: A n.m announcing/notifying
aghlaat: A n.f. mistakes (plu. of ghalat)
aghyaar: A n.m. strangers/rivals (plu. of ghair)
uftaad: P n.f. misery/distress/mishap/foundation
iftikhaar: A n.m. honor/glory/repute/distinction
ifraat: A n.f. excess/exuberance/plenty
afsaanah: P n.m. tale/legend/fiction
afsurdah: P adj. melancholy/depressed
afsos: P n.m. regret/remorse/dejection
ufaq: A n.m. horizon
iqbaal: A n.m. prosperity/good fortune/success/confession
iqraar: A n.m. promise/pledge/confession/declaration/covenant
iqtizaa': A n.m. requirement/need/demand
akbar: A adj. greatest (sup. of kabir)
aksar: A adj. most/much/many/frequent
aksar: A adv. frequently/usually/generally/often
agar: P conj. if/in case
al: A art. the
iltifaat: A n.m. regard/kindness/favor/friendship
alfaaz: A n.m. words (plu. of lafz)
amaanat: A n.f. something given in trust/deposit/security
imtiHaan: A n.m. examination/test/trial/proof/experiment
imtiyaaz: A n.m. discrimination/discernment/distinction
ummid: P n.f. hope/expectation/trust
intikhaab: A n.m. selection/choice/election
intizaar: A n.m. waiting (anxiously)/expectation
intizaam: A n.m. management/order/method/arrangement
intiqaam: A n.m. revenge/reprisal
anjaam: A n.m. end/conclusion/result/issue
anjuman: P n.f. assembly/meeting/society/council
andaazah: P n.m. measurement/guess/rough estimate
an.dar: P prep. within/inside/inward
insaan: A n.m. man/human being/mankind
insaaniyyat: A n.m. humanity/civility
in'aam: A n.m. gift/reward/largesse
inqilaab: A n.m. revolution
inkaar: A n.m. denial/contradiction
auqaat: A n.m. times (plu. of waqt)
auqaat: A n.f. status/position
awwaal: A adj. first/excellent/best
aulaad: A n.f. children (plu. of walad)
imaan: A n.m. belief/faith/creed/conscience
################################################################################
be
--
bi: A prep. by/with/from/in/into/near/on/for/towards
(Always prefixed to another word)
ba: P prep. by/with/from/in/into/to/on/upon/for/upto
(Always prefixed to another word)
baa: P prep. with/by/possessed of
baab: A n.m. door/gate/chapter/topic/subject
baabul: H n.m. father
baat: H n.f. word/saying/speech/tale/news/question/business
proposal/point/gossip/substance
baad: P n.f. wind/air/breeze
baadshaah: P n.m. emperor/king
baadal: H n.m. cloud(s)
baadah: P n.m. wine/spirits
baadiyah: A n.m. wilderness/desert
baadiyah: P n.m. goblet/cup
baar: H n.m. time/turn/chance/opportunity/delay/obstacle
baar: P n.m. burden/load/permission/grief/court
baarish: P n.m. rain
baarah: P n.m. time/turn/about/in regard of
baareek: P adj. fine/slender/delicate/difficult/subtle
baaz: P suff. denotes doer/agent
baaz: P n.m. falcon
baaz: P adv. again/back/refusing
baazaar: P n.m. market
baazaaree: P adj. common/low/vulgar/relating to the market
baazoo: P n.m. arm/fold of a door/flank of an army
baazi: P n.f. sport/game/wager
baazichah: P n.m. toy/fun/sport
baagh: P n.m. garden/orchard/grove
baaqee: A adj. remaining/lasting
baaqee: A n.f. residue/remainder/arrears
baalam: S n.m. a lover/sweet-heart/husband
baam: P n.m. upper storey/terrace/balcony
baan: P suff. signifying keeper or guardian
baan.kaa: H adj. curved/crooked/sly/cunning
baano: P n.f. lady/gentlewoman
bachchah: P n.m. child
baHaal: A adj. status quo/refreshed/happy
baHs: A n.f. dispute/argument/debate/controversy
bukhaar: A n.m. steam/temperature/fever/rage
bakht: P n.m. good fortune/luck/prosperity
bakhshish: P n.f. gift/donation/reward/alms/tip
bad: P adj. bad/wicked/evil
bad akhtar: adj. unfortunate
bad anjaam: adj. having a bad end
bad tar: adj. worse/inferior
bad chalan: adj. of bad conduct/ill-mannered/immoral
bad khwaab: n.m./f. nightmare
bad du'aa: n.f. curse/malediction
bad sirat: adj. ill-tempered
bad soorat: adj. ugly
bad m'aash: adj. roguish
bad naam: adj. disreputable/notorious/ignominous
bad naseeb: adj. unfortunate/unlucky
badr: A n.m. full moon
badal: A n.m. exchange/change/substitution
badlaa: n.m. exchange/retaliation/revenge
badan: A n.m. body
baraabar: P adj. equal/even/level/alike/opposite/accurate
bardaasht: P n.f. endurance/tolerance/patience
barsaat: H n.f. rain/rainy season
barkat: A n.f. abundance/prosperity/blessing/auspiciousness
baRhiyaa: H adj. superior/of good quality/expensive
buzurg: P adj. great/venerable/aged/noble
bazm: P n.f. assembly/company (at a feast or entertainment)
bas: P adj. sufficient/enough/plenty
bisaat: A n.f. bedding/carpet/chess board/extent/capacity
bast: P n.m. obstacle/knot/asylum/sanctuary
bistar: P n.m. bed
bismil: P n.m. sacrificial animal/a lover
baseraa: H n.m. roosting/a night's lodging/shelter
bashar: A n.m. man/mortal
basheer: A adj. a messenger of good news
basar: A n.f. sight/vision/the eye
baghaawat: A n.f. revolt/rebellion/disloyalty
baghal: P n.f. armpit/side
balaa: A n.m. calamity/distress/trial/misfortune
buland: P adj. high/lofty/sublime/exalted/tall/loud
billaur: P n.m. crystal/crystal glass/transparent
ban.dish: P adj. composition/elegance of style/plan/obstruction
ban.dagi: P n.f. devotion/worship/service
bandah: P n.m. slave/servant/individual/man
bunyaad: A n.f. foundation
bood: P n.f. being/existence
bahaadur: P adj. brave/valiant/high-spirited
bahaar: P n.f. spring/prime/bloom/beauty/glory/delight
bahaanah: P n.m. excuse/pretext/evasion/reason
bhool: H n.f. forgetfulness/omission/mistake/lapse/fault
bhool bhulayyaan.: a maze/labyrinth
be: P pref. without/void of
be aabroo: adj. dishonorable
be ittifaaqi: n.f. discord/disunity
be iHtiyaati: n.f. incautiousness
be ikhtiyaari: n.f. helplessness/without choice
be adab: adj. rude/unmannerly
be i'tibaar: adj. untrustworthy/discredit
be imtiyaaz: adj. indiscriminating
be an.daazah: adj. unlimited/endless
be insaaf: adj. unfair/unjust
be imaan: adj. faithless/liar/cheat
be bas: adj. helpless/weak
be pardah: adj. unveiled/immodest/exposed
be parwaa: adj. heedless/indifferent/above want
be taab: adj. restless/powerless/impatient
be taasir: adj. ineffectual/useless
be tameez: adj. indiscreet/rude/uncultured
be jaan: adj. lifeless
be jurm: adj. faultless
be chain: adj. restless/uneasy
be Hadd: adj. endless/boundless
be Hayaa: adj. shameless/impudent/bare-faced
be khabar: adj. uninformed/ignorant/stupid
be khataa: adj. faultless/innocent
be khud: adj. enraptured/in ecstasy/delirious/senseless
be daad: n.f. iniquity/injustice/oppression
be daagh: adj. spotless/without blemish/innocent
be dard: adj. without feeling/pitiless/merciless
be rahm: adj. merciless/cruel
be riyaa: adj. without guile/candid/sincere
be zaar: adj. disgusted/displeased
be zabaan: adj. dumb/speechless/modest
be zar: adj. destitute/poor
be sakhtah: adj. artless/unaffected/natural/plain
be saaz: adj. without tools or apparatus
be sabab: adj. without cause or reason
be sharm: adj. shameless/immodest
be sabr: adj. impatient
be taaqat: adj. powerless
be 'izzat: adj. without honor or respect
be gham: adj. happy/without sorrow
be fikr: adj. free from care or worry
be qadr: adj. worthless
be qaraar: adj. uneasy/restless/unsettled
be qusoor: adj. innocent/not guilty
be kaar: adj. idle/unemployed/useless
be kas: adj. friendless/lonely
be gunaah: adj. innocent/guiltless
be ma'ni: adj. meaningless/absurd
be naam: adj. without name, character or reputation
be naseeb: adj. unfortunate
be nazir: adj. unequalled/matchless/unique
be wajh: adj. without cause
be wafaa: adj. faithless/ungrateful/treacherous
be waqoof: adj. foolish/stupid/dolt
be hunar: adj. unskilled
be hosh: adj. unconscious
bayaabaan: P n.m. desert/wilderness
bayaan: A n.m. description/statement/account
bait: A n.m. house/abode
bait: A n.f. couple/verse
bedaar: P adj. awake/alert/vigilant
bezaar: P adj. displeased/angry/out of humor
begaanah: P adj. strange/alien/foreign
bimaar: P adj. sick/ill
################################################################################
pe
--
paa: P n.m. leg/foot/root of a tree
paa ban.d: n.m fettered/bound/subjugated
paa maal: adj. trodden under foot/ruined
paa yaab: adj. fordable/within man's depth
paar: H n.m. opposite bank/the end/termination
paas: P n.m. custody/regard/supervision
paas baan: n.m. guard/sentinel
paar daari: n.f. favor/partiality/favoritism
pak: P adj. pure/holy/immaculate/chaste/undefiled
pakeezah: P adj. pure/clean/neat
paagal: H adj. mad/insane/idiotic/distressed
paani: H n.m. water/rain/lustre/character/honor
pardah: P n.m. curtain/screen/veil/secrecy/privacy
parastish: P n.m. worship
paraknaa: H v. to examine/to test
parwaanah: P n.m. moth/lover/warrant/permission
parwarish: P n.f. fostering/rearing/sustenance/protecting
pariwash: P adj. fairy-like/beautiful
pareshaan: P adj. troubled/distracted/distressed
pasand: P n.f. choice/approval/preference
pasinaa: H n.m. perspiration/sweat
pashemaan: P n.f. penitent/repentant/ashamed
pal: H n.m. a moment
palak: H n.f. eyelash/a moment/an instant
panaah: P n.f. protection/asylum/refuge
pahlu: P n.m. side/advantage/flank of an army
payaam: P n.m. message
peshaah: P n.m. craft/trade/profession
paighaam: P n.m. message/news/advice
paimaan: P n.m. promise/agreement/oath/confirmation
################################################################################
te
--
taab: P n.f. heat/power/endurance/rage
taabish: P n.f. heat/splendour/grief/sorrow
taasir: A n.f. effect/impression
taj: P n.m. crown/tiara
taarikh: A n.f. date/annals
taarik: P adj. dark/obscure
taazah: P adj. fresh/new/tender/happy
taak: P n.f. look/regard/aim/view
tabaah: P adj. ruined/spoiled/depraved/wretched
tabdeel: A n.f. change
tabassum: A n.m. smile/smiling
tajribah: A n.m. experience/experiment/test/proof
toHfaa: A n.m. a gift
takht: P n.m. throne/seat
tadbir: A n.f. deliberation/opinion/advice/arrangement/order
taraanah: P n.m. harmony/symphony/a kind of song
tarjumaan: A n.m. interpreter
tars: P n.m. fear/terror
tars: H n.m. compassion/pity/mercy
tarraqqee: A n.f. elevation/promotion/proficiency
tarkeeb: A n.f. composition/mixture/plan/mode/method
tasallee: A n.f. consolation/comfort/satisfaction
tasleem: A n.f. salutation/greeting/resignation/submission
tashreef: A n.f. honoring
tishnagi: A n.f. thirst/desire/longing
tasawwur: A n.m. imagination/fancy/idea
tasawwuf: A n.m. mysticism
tasweer: A n.f. picture/portrait/painting
ta'ajjub: A n.m. wondering/admiration/amazement/surprise
ta'areef: A n.f. explanation/description/praise/definition
ta'alluq: A n.m. connection/relation/consideration
taqaazaa: A n.m. demanding settlement of a debt/importunity
taqdeer: A n.f. fate/luck
taqriban: A adv. approximately
taqwaa: A n.f. piety/abstinence/fear of God
takleef: A n.f. imposition of a burden/difficulty/inconvenience
talaash: A n.f. search/inquiry/quest
talkh: P adj. bitter/acrimonious/pungent/unpalatable
talwaar: H n.f. sword
tamaashaa: A n.m. entertainment/fun/amusement/sport/spectacle
tamaam: A adj. entire/complete/perfect/end
tameez: A n.f. discernment/judgement/observance of etiquette
tan: P n.m. body
tanqiH: A n.f. cleaning/investigation/inquiry/issue
tangi: P n.f. narrowness/hardship/poverty
tanhaa: P adj. alone/solitary
taubah: P n.m. repentance
taubah taubah: intj. Heaven forbid!
tauheen: A n.f. disgrace/contempt/defamation/dishonor/insult
taiyaar: P adj. ready/prepared/finished/alert/ripe
teer: P n.m. arrow
tez: P adj. sharp/keen/caustic/pungent/swift/clever
tegh: P n.m. sword/dagger
################################################################################
Te
--
Taan.g: H n.f. the leg/a share
Tapaknaa: H v. to leak/to drip/to fall down (fruits)
Takkar: H n.f. collision/encounter/rivalry/competition
TukRaa: H n.m. a piece/a morsel/a part/fraction
TooT: H n.f. breaking/fracture/loss
Thikaanaa: H n.m. fixed abode/proper place/goal/limit
ThanD: H n.f. cold/chill
Thokar: H n.f. obstacle/kick/stumble
TeRh: H n.f. crookedness
################################################################################
se
--
saabit: A adj. confirmed/established/fixed/stable
saabit: A n.m. a fixed star
saaqib: A adj. shining brightly/splendid/sublime
sabaat: A n.m. stability/endurance/resolution/constancy
sabt: A n.m. permanence/a seal/writing
suboot: A n.m. evidence/proof/conviction/constancy/stability
saarwat: A n.f. wealth/power/influence
saraa: A n.m. the earth
siqaafat: A n.f. culture
siqaalat: A n.f. burden/weight
siqaahat: A n.f. reliability/trustworthiness
sawaab: A n.m. reward/recompense
sawaabit: A n.m. the fixed stars (plu. of saabit)
################################################################################
jeem
----
jaadu: P n.m. magic/conjuring/charm/effect of evil spirits
jaazib: A adj. alluring/attractive
jaaree: A adj. running/flowing/current/continuing
jaagir: P n.f. a fief
jaam: P n.m. goblet
jaan: P n.f. soul/life/mind/vigor/sweetheart/beloved
jaanee: P adj. of or relating to life
jaanee: P n.m. a beloved/a lover
jaahil: A adj. ignorant/illiterate/barbarous
jaa'edaad: P n.f. property/estate/assets
jaa'iz: H adj. legal/permitted
jabeen.: P n.f. the forehead
judaa: P adj. separate/apart/asunder/peculiar
judaaee: P adj. separation/absence
jazb: A n.m. allurement/attraction
jazbah: A n.m. passion/rage/desire/feeling
jurm: A n.m. crime/guilt
jurmaanah: P n.m. fine/penalty
justjoo: P n.f. search/inquiry
jism: A n.m. body
jashn: P n.m. a feast/celebration
ja'l: A n.f. counterfeit
jafaa: P n.f. oppression/injustice/injury
jigar: P n.m. liver/heart/soul/mind
jalaal: A n.m/f. splendor/majesty
jalwah: A n.m. lustre/splendour/display/show
jamaal: A n.m. beauty/elegance
janaab: A intj. sir!/your honor!
janaazah: A n.m. corpse/funeral
jumbish: P n.f. movement
jannat: A n.f. paradise/garden
jang: P n.f. battle/war
junoon: A n.m. madness/insanity
jawaab: A n.m. answer/equal/parallel/match
jawaan: P adj. young/youth
jawaahir: A n.m. jewls/gems (plu. of jauhar)
josh: P n.m. heat/zeal/enthusiasm/passion/lust
jahaaz: A n.m. ship/vessel
jahaan: P n.m. the world
jahaannum: A n.f. hell
jeewan: H n.m. life/existence
################################################################################
che
---
chaarah: P n.m. remedy/cure/help/aid/resource
chaadar: P n.f. a sheet/veil/waterfall
chaaq: T adj. active/alert/healthy/fat/hale and hearty
chaaqoo: P n.m. a small knife
chaal: H n.f. gait/walk/custom/trick/strategem
chaalaak: P adj. clever/expert/cunning/nimble
chaan.d: H n.m. the moon
chaan.dani: H n.f. moonlight
chaan.di: H n.f. silver/wealth
chaah: H n.f. desire/love/affection/need/choice
chitwan: H n.f. look/glance/appearance
charaagh: P n.m. lamp
charaagaah: P n.f. meadow/pasture
chust: P adj. alert/active/clever/quick/tight
cashm: P n.f. eye/hope
chasm-e-baddoor:intj. God preserve from evil eyes!
chashm-o-chiraagh:n.m. light of the eye/dearly beloved
chasmak: P n.m. wink/winking/misunderstanding/spectacles
chakaan.: P adj. dropping/distilling
chilman: H n.m. a venetian blind
chamak: H n.f. glitter/splendour/flash/gleam
chaman: P n.m. flower garden
chand: P adj. how many/how much/few/how often/how long
chah: P suff. used to form dimunitives
chehraa: P n.m. face/visage/a mask
cheez: P n.f. thing/commodity
chain: H n.m. ease/comfort/rest/peace
Word beginning with baRi he/khe
################################################################################
baRi he
-------
Haatim: A n.m. generous (derived from Haatim Tai)
Haadisah: A n.m. accident/occurence/calamity/misfortune
Haazir: A adj. present/ready/in attendance
Haakim: A n.m. ruler/governor/judge/an official
Haal: A n.m. state/condition/narrative/circumstance
Haalat: A n.f. condition/state/circumstance (plu. Haalaat)
Hubb: A n.f. love/friendship/desire/affection/wish
Habeeb: A n.m. beloved/sweetheart/comrade/friend
Hijaab: A n.m. veil/modesty/bashfulness/night
Hadd: A n.f. boundary/limit
Hadd: A adv. very/at most/utmost point
Hiddat: A n.f. sharpness/fury/acrimony/poignancy
Hads: A n.m. novelty/innovation
Hudood: A n.m/f. boundaries/penal laws
Hizaaqat: A n.m. Intelligence/wisdom
Haraarat: A n.f. heat/fever/ardor/fervor/zeal
Haraam: A adj. unlawful/forbidden
Hirs: A n.f. eager/greediness/desire/ambition
Hoorriyat: A n.f. emancipation/freedom
Hazm: A n.m. firmness of mind/resolve
Huzn: A n.m. grief/sadness/sorrow
Hisaab: A n.m. reckoning/account/computation/rate/sense
Hasrat: A n.f. regret/intense sorrow/desire/longing
Husn: A n.f. beauty/elegance
Haseen: A adj. beautiful/elegant/charming/handsome
Hashmat: A n.f. state/dignity/pomp/retinue
Hisaar: A n.m. fort/enclosure/fence
Husool: A n.m. acquisition/profit/advantage/achievement
Hissah: A n.m. share/portion/lot
Hazrat: A n.m. dignity/a title of respect
Huzoor: A n.m. presence of superior authority
Huzoor: A intj. Your Highness!
Hifaazat: A n.f. guarding/security/safety
Haqq: A adj. just/truth/right
Haqeeqat: A n.f. truth/reality/narration/condition
Hukm: A n.m. order/decree/statute/law
Hikmat: A n.f. wisdom/knowledge/cleverness/device
Hakeem: A n.m. wise man/doctor/philosopher
Halaal: A adj. legal/permitted
Himaayat: A n.f. protection/patronage/support/defence
Hamlah: A n.m. attack/assault/invasion
Hawaas: A n.m. the senses
Hawaalah: A n.m. charge/custody/care
Hoor: A n.f. virgin of Paradise/nymph
Hausalah: A n.m. capacity/courage/spirit/resolution/desire
Hayaa: A n.f. modesty/shame
Hayaat: A n.f. life/existence
Haiseeyat: A n.f. rank/capacity/merit/status/prestige
Hairaan: A adj. amazed/confounded/perplexed/worried
################################################################################
khe
---
khaas: A adj. special/particular/private/noble/unmixed
khaatir: A n.f. the heart/mind/memory/sake/behalf/choice/favor
khaak: P n.f. dust/earth/ashes
khaalis: A adj. pure/genuine/sincere(friend)
khaam: P adj. raw/green/inexpert/immature/vain
khaamosh: P adj. silent
khaandaan: P n.m. family/lineage/dynasty
khaanum: P n.f. lady/princess/wife
khaanah: P n.m. house/room/compartment/partition
khabar: A n.f. news/information/report/rumor/notice
khatm: A n.m. conclusion/seal
khatm: A adj. finished/done
khajaalat: A n.m. shame/bashfulness
khajaalat: P adj. happy/auspicious/blessed
khuda: P n.m. God
khidmat: A n.f. service/office/duty
kharaab: A adj. bad/depraved/ruined/spoiled/wretched/obscene
khurram: P adj. happy
khareed: P n.f. purchase
khazaan.: P n.f. autumn/decay/old age
khizaanah: P n.m. treasury/treasure
khastah: P adj. wounded/broken/sorrowful
khushk: P adj. dry/withered/cynic
khatt: A n.m. letter/note/mark
khataa: A n.f. mistake/slio/oversight/error
khutbah: A n.m. sermon/oration/introduction
khatrah: A n.m. danger/fear/risk
khafaa: A n.f. concealment/secrecy
khafaa: P adj. angry/displeased
khalaas: A n.m. deliverance/redemption/freedom
khilaaf: A n.m. opposition/contraiety/falsehood
khilaaf: A prep. against
khalish: P n.f. prick/pain/anxiety/apprehension
khumaar: A n.m. intoxication
khanjar: A n.m. dagger
khwaab: P n.m. sleep/dream
khwaar: P adj. wretched/deserted/friendless/poor
khwaahish: P n.f. desire/request/demand
khoob: P adj. good/excellent/beautiful/amiable
khood: P n./adj. self/private/personal/own
khoodi: P n.f. egotism/vanity/presence of mind
khoorsheed: P n.m. sun
khoosh: P adj. pleasing/happy
khoon: P n.m. blood/murder
khiyaaban: P n.m. flower-bed/flower garden
khayaal: A n.m. thought/imagination/opinion/care/respect
khair: A adj. good/best
khair: A adv. very well
khair: A n.f. welfare/happiness
################################################################################
daal
----
daakhil: A adj. entering
daad: P n.m. justice/appeal/revenge/praise
daar: P n.f. gallows/a piece of wood
daar: P suff. having/holding
daar: A n.m. house/country
daaraa: P n.m. holder/sovereign/king
daaru: H n.f. alcohol
daaru: P n.f. medicine/remedy
daastaan: P n.f. story/fable/tale
daagh: P n.m. scar/blemish/stain/calamity/grief/loss
daam: P n.m. net/snare
daam: H n.m. price/value
daaman: P n.m. skirt/foot of a mountain/a lap
daanaa: P adj. wise/learned
daanistah: P adv. knowingly
daanish: P n.f. knowledge/science/learning
daa'im: A adj. perpetual/permanent
dakhl: A n.m. entrance/access/reach/skill
dar: P n.m. door/gate/entrance
dar: P prep. in/into/within/to/about/by
durr: A n.m. pearl
daraaz: P adj. long/tall/extended
darbaar: P n.m. court (royal)
darkhwaasht: P n.f. request/petition/appeal
dard: P n.m. pain/affliction/sympathy/compassion
dars: H n.m. sight/view/look
durust: P adj. right/proper/well/safe/precise
durusht: P adj. rough/hard/rigid/oppressive/fierce
darmiyan: P n.m. middle/midst/interval
darwaazah: P n.m. door/gate
darya: P n.m. a large river/sea
duzd: P n.m. thief
dastoor: P n.m. custom/usage/manner/rule
dushman: P n.m. enemy
dushnaam: P n.f. abuse/invective
dushwaar: P adj. difficult
du'aa: A n.f. blessing/prayer/wish
da'wat: A n.f. invitation/banquet
da'waa: A n.m. claim/law suit/charge/demand/accusation
daghaa: P n.f. deceit/treachery/delusion
daf'a: A n.f. time/turn/section/class
dafn: A n.m. burial/concealment
diqqat: A n.f. difficulty/intricacy/minute point
dil: P n.m. heart/soul/courage/generosity/wish
dil aawar: adj. brave/valiant
dilbar: adj. lovely/sweetheart
dil band: adj. charming/attractive
dil chasp: adj. interesting/pleasing/delightful
dil kharaash: adj. heart rending
dil daar: adj. charming/beloved
dil daar: n.m. sweetheart
dil daari: n.f. consolation
dil doz: adj. heart-piercing
dil rubaa: adj. fascinating/alluring
dil rubaa: adj. fascinating/alluring
dil rubaa: n.m. sweetheart
dil sokhtah: adj. grieved/suffering
dil soz: adj. touching/pathetic/passionate/ardent
dil shaad: adj. cheerful
dil fareb: adj. charming/alluring/enticing/beautiful
dil figaar: adj. melancholy
dil kash: adj. attractive/winning
dil geer: adj. melancholy
dil lagi: n.f. amusement/diversion
dil nawaaz: adj. soothing (the mind)
dilaasaa: P n.m. consolation/encouragement
dam: P n.m. breath/vitality/moment/edge of a sword
dimaagh: A n.m. brain/intellect/airs/conceit
dunyaa: A n.f. world/worldly goods
dawaa: A n.m. medicine
door: P adj. distant/remote/far
daur: A n.m. revolving/period/cycle/orbit
dost: P n.m. friend/lover
daulat: A n.f. riches/fortune/happiness/cause/means
diyaar: A n.m. country/region
deedaar: P n.m. sight/interview
deedah: P n.m. the eye
deen: A n.m. faith/religion
deewaar: P n.f. a wall
deewaanah: P n.m. madman
################################################################################
Daal
----
Daabar: H n.m. lake/pond/water pot
Daakaa: H n.m. robbery
Dar: H n.m. fear
Dagar: H n.f. path/road
################################################################################
zaal
----
zaat: A n.f. being endowed with/soul/self/caste/race
zaati: A adj. innate/inherent/essential/natural
zaakir: A adj. remembering/grateful
zaakir: A n.m. grateful person/obe who praises God
zikr: A n.m. remembrance/memory/Qur'an recital
zillaat: A n.f. insult/dishonor/affront/abjectness
zaleel: A adj. abject/base/wretched/contemptible
zauq: A n.m. taste
zehn: A n.m. acumen/wit/sagacity/understanding
################################################################################
re
--
raaHat: A n.f. rest/repose/comfort/tranquility/ease
raaz: P n.m. mystery/secret
raast: P adj. true/honest/straight/even/level
raastah: P n.m. path/road/manner
raazi: A adj. willing/satisfied/agreed/pleased
raah: P n.f. road/pathcustom/journey/method
raah bar: n.m. a guide
raah numaa: n.m. conductor/leader/guide
rabb: A n.m. creator/god
rahm: A n.m. mercy/pity/compassion/kindness/tenderness
rukh: P n.m. face/cheek/side/point
rukhsaar: P n.m. face/cheek/complexion/aspect
rukhsat: A n.f. leave/permission/dismissal/indulgence
radd: A n.m. rejection/repulsion/returning
razm: P n.m. war/battle
rasm: A n.f. marking/writing/established usage/model/law
rasan: P n.f. rope/string/cord
ruswaa: A adj. infamous/dishonored/disgraced
rasool: A n.m. a prophet
rishtah: P n.m. thread/line/relationship/kinship/alliance
rashk: P n.m. jealousy/envy/malice/spite
raghbat: P n.f. strong desire/esteem/pleasure
raftaar: P n.f. speed/pace/walk/motion
rafi': A adj. high/sublime/exalted
rafeeq: A n.m. friend/ally
raqs: A n.m. dance/dancing
raqeeb: A n.m. rival/competitor
ran.j: P n.m. grief/sorrow/trouble/inconvience
ran.jish: P n.m. grief/indignation/misunderstanding/anguish
ran.g: P n.m. color/dye/fashion/enjoyment
ran.geen: P adj. colored/lively/elegant/flowery/figurative
rawaanah: P adj. despatched/proceeding
rooH: A n.f. soul/spirit/life/essence/divine revelation
roz: P n.m. a day
roz: P adj. daily
rozah: P n.m. a fast
raushan/roshan: P adj. light/illuminated/bright/clear/splendid
raunaq: A n.f. lustre/beauty/elegance/freshness
resham: P n.m. silk
################################################################################
Re
--
This letter does not occur as the first letter of a word and hence
there are no entries. The letter has the sound of a hardened 'r'
and is often used interchangeably with Daal.
################################################################################
ze
--
zaar: P n.m. weeping/lamentation/garden/desire/wish
zabaan: P n.f. tongue/language/flame (of a candle)
zabar: P n.m. above/superior/greater/top
zabardast: adj. vigorous/violent/tyrranical/superior
zaHmat: A n.f. uneasiness of mind/trouble/pain
zakhm: P n.m. wound/damage/loss
zadah: P adj. struck/stricken/oppressed
zar: P n.m. gold
zukaam: A n.m. cold
zulf: P n.f. curl/ringlet/tress
zamaanah: P n.m. time/age/period
zameen: P n.f. ground/earth
zanjeer: P n.f. chain
zindaan: P n.m. prison/jail
zindagi: P n.f. life/living/existence
zindah: P adj. alive/living
zinhaar: P adv. never/by no means
zinhaar: P intj. beware!
zood: P adv. quickly/soon/suddenly
zor: P n.m. force/strength/power/influence/stress
zahr: P n.m. poison
ziyaadah: P adj. too much/more/excessive
ziyaarat: A n.f. pilgrimage/visit (a shrine)
zebaa: P adj. adorned/beautiful/proper/graceful
zeenat: A n.f. decoration/beauty
################################################################################
zhe
---
zhaalah: P n.m. hail/dew/frost
zharf: P n.m. deep/penetrating/acute of mind
zholeedah: P adj. dishevelled/entangled/intricate
zhiyaan: P adj. terrible/furious/angry/rapacious
################################################################################
seen
----
saajan: H n.m. lover/sweetheart/beloved
saaHir: A n.m. magician
saaHil: A n.m. shore/beach
saadah: P adj. simple/plain/candid/sincere
saaz: P n.m. apparatus/equipment/concord
saazish: P n.f. conspiracy/intrigue/collusion
saaqee: A n.m. cup-bearer/page/beloved
saal: P n.m. year
saalim: A adj. safe/sound/perfect/whole
saamaan: P n.m. apparatus/custom/understanding/power
saan.ch: H n.f. truth/reality
saan.s: H n.m./f. breath/sigh
saa'ir: A n.m. thw whole/the rest/wandering/walking/tax/duty
saayah: P n.m. shadow/shade/shelter/apparition
sabab: A n.m. cause/reason
sabaq: A n.m. lesson/lecture/advancing
subuk: P adj. light/delicate/trivial/frivolous/futile
sitaarah: P n.m. star
sitaan.: P adj. taking/seizing
sitam: P n.m. oppression/tyranny/injustice/violence
sajdah: A n.m. prostration
saHar: A n.m. dawn/morning
sakht: P adj. hard/firm/cruel/harsh/vehement
sukhan: P n.m. speech/words/business/affair
sukhan war: adj. eloquence
sar: P n.m. head/top/pinnacle/origin/chief/desire
sar afraaz: adj. exalted
sar bastah: adj. hidden/secret
sar basar: adv. wholly/entirely
sar buland: adj. eminent/glorious
sar taabee: n.f. rebellion
sar taaj: n.m. chief/leader
sar-e dast: adv. at present/immediately
sar-e raah: adv. on the road
sar zameen: n.f. country/limits/region
sar-e shaam: n.f. about evening/evening
sar-o saamaan: n.m. necessities/furniture/luggage
siraaj: A n.m. lamp/candle/sun
surkh: P adj. red
sard: P adj. cold/damp/dull/dead
suroor: A n.m. pleasure/joy/exhilaration
sazaa: P n.f. correction/punishment/requital
sust: P adj. loose/frail/lazy/slow/dull
sifaarish: P n.f. recommendation
safar: A n.m. journey
safed: P adj. white
saktah: P n.m. trance/swoon/pause
sukoot: A n.f. silence/peace/rest/tranquility
sukoon: A n.m. peace/rest/tranquility
salaam: A n.m. salutation/peace/safety/compliment
silsilah: A n.m. chain/series/pedigree/genealogy
saleeqah: A n.m. good disposition/good taste/mode/skill
sang: P n.m. stone/weight
sanh: A n.m. year/era
siwaa: P adv. except/save/but/besides
sawaal: A n.m. question/petition/application/request/demand
saudaa: P n.m. trade/marketing/goods
soz: P n.m. burning/passion/vexation
saugand: P n.m. oath
soona: H adj. void/empty/desolate/lonely
siyaah: P adj. black/dark/unfortunate/bad
sair: A n.f. walk/excursion/recreation/amusement
seerat: A n.m. quality/nature/disposition
sailaab: A/P n.m. flood/deluge/torrent
seenah: P n.m. chest/bosom
################################################################################
sheen
-----
shaabaash: P intj. bravo! well done! (contr. of shaadbaash)
shaakh: P n.f. branch/bough/dilemma/difficulty/objection
shaad: P adj. happy/cheerful/delighted
shaadaab: P adj. full of water/fresh/agreeable/verdant
shaa'ir: A n.m. poet
shaagird: P n.m. pupil/apprentice/servant
shaam: P n.f. evening
shaamil: A adj. including/comprising/connected/mingled/common
shaan: A n.f. dignity/glory/grandeur
shaah: P n.m. king/prince/monarch
shaahtir: n.m. a beam/roof support
shahzaadah: n.m. prince
shaayad: P adv. perhaps/probably
shab: P n.f. night
shab bakhair: intj. goodnight!
shabnam: n.f. dew
shabaab: A n.m. youth
shabeenah: P adj. nocturnal
shujaa': A adj. brave
shakhs: A n.m. a person/individual/being/body
sharaab: A n.f. wine/liquor
sharaarah: A n.m. spark/gleam/flash
sharaafat: A n.f. nobility/civility/good manners
shart: A n.f. condition/agreement/wager
sharm: P n.f. shame/modesty
shuroo': A n.m. beginning
shareef: A adj. noble/eminent/honorable
shi'r: A n.m. verse/couplet
shu'lah: A n.m. flame/blaze/flash/light
shu'oor: A n.m. wisdom/intellect
shafaqat: A n.f. kindeness/compassion/mercy
shakk: A n.m. doubt/suspense/hesitation
shikaar: P n.m. hunting/prey
shikaayat: A n.f. complaint/accusation/illness
shukr: A n.m. gratitude
shakl: A n.f. form/appearance/model/image/diagram
shikwah: A/P n.m. complaint/chiding
shumaar: P n.m. counting/numbering/estimation/account
shams: A n.m. the sun
shamsher: P n.f. sword
shama': A n.f. lamp/candle
shinaas: P adj. knowing/acquainted with/intelligence
shokh: P adj. playful/mischievous/bold/insolent
shor: P n.m. noise/outcry/tumult/clamor/ardor
shauq: A n.m. taste/fondness/desire/interest
shahd: P n.m. honey
shahr: P n.m. city
shuhrat: A n.f. renown/fame/rumor
shaheed: A n.m. martyr
shaikh: A n.m. elder
shekhi: A n.f. bragging
sher: P n.m. lion/tiger/brave man
shireen: P adj. sweet/pleasant/gentle
shishah: P n.m. glass/bottle/glass pane
shaitaan: A n.m. satan/devil/demon
################################################################################
saad
----
saahib: A n.m. master/lord/ruler/companion/title
saaf: A adj. clean/pure/innocent/clear/legible/plain
subH: A n.f. morning/dawn
sabr: A n.m. patience/endurance/submission/suffering
suHbat: A n.f. companionship/society/conversation
saHraa: A n.m. plain/desert
saHeeH: A adj. right/correct/genuine/sound/pure/just
sadr: A n.m. chest/bosom/chief
sadmah: A n.m. shock/blow/calamity/collision/suffering
sirf: A adj. only/mere/sheer
sirf: A adv. purely/exclusively
sa'oobat: A n.f. difficulty/hardship
salaaH: A n.f. peace/treaty/integrity/advice/counsel
sanam: A n.m. idol/sweetheart/mistress
surat: A n.f. form/figure/countenance/aspect/manner/plight
################################################################################
zaad
----
zaabit: A n.m. governor/master/possessor
zaabit: A adj. strict/punctual/patient/disciplinarian
zaabitah: A n.m. rule/custom/canon/law/code
zaamin: A n.m. sponsor/surety/guarantor
zaa'i: A adj. lost/destroyed/wasted/fruitless
zidd: A n.f. the contrary/opposition/stubborness
zarb: A n.f. injury/beating/impression (plu. zarbaat)
zarar: A n.m. injury/damage/harm/affliction/loss/ruin
zaroor: A adj. necessary/expedient/needful
zaroor: A adv. certainly/absolutely
zaroorat: A n.f. need/compulsion/want/exigency
zu'f: A n.m. weakness/feebleness
za'if: A adj. weak/infirm/feeble/old/faint
zalaal: A n.m. error/fault/vice
zamaanat: A n.f. surety/bond
zameer: A n.f. mind/heart/thought/reflection/sense
zau: A n.f. light/sunlight
ziyaa: A n.f. light/splendour/brilliancy
zeeq: A n.f. anguish/melancholy/
################################################################################
to-e
----
taab: A adj. sweet/agreeable/pure/excellent
taa'at: A n.f. obedience/devotion (plu. taa'aat)
taaq: A n.m. arch/cupola/niche
taaqat: A n.f. strength/power/might
taalib: A n.m. seeker/enquirer/lover/candidate
tabi'at: A n.f. nature/temperament/disposition
tapaan.: P adj. palpitating/throbbing
tarh: A n.m. manner/mode/form/design/plan
tarz: A n.m. manner/fashion/way
taraf: A n.f. side/margin/direction
tariqah: A n.m. method/custom/path/way
ta'n: A n.m. blame/reproach/censure/chide
talaaq: A n.f. divorce/repudiation
talab: A n.f. search/inquiry//wish/demand/request
taur: A n.m. manner/condition/mode/state
toofaan: A n.m. storm/tempest/hurricane
taiyyaar: A adj. ready
################################################################################
zo-e
----
zaalim: A n.m. tyrant/oppressor
zaahir: A adj. manifest/clear/evident
zaahiraa: A adv. outwardly/manifestly
zarif: A adj. witty/subtle/fine
zafar: A n.m. victory/triumph/gain
zulm: A n.m oppression/tyranny
zann: A n.m. suspicion
zaheer: A n.m. ally/associate
################################################################################
ain
---
'aajiz: A adj. powerless/weak/helpless/dejected
'aadat: A n.f. custom/habit/usage/practice/manner
'aadil: A adj. just/sincere/righteous
'aazim: A adj. determined/resolute
'aashiq: A n.m. lover/suitor
'aaqibat: A n.f. end/conclusion/future life
'aaqibat: A adv. finally/at last
'aaqil: A adj. wise/sensible
'aalam: A n.m. world/universe/regions/public/beauty/period
'aalim: A adj. learned/wise/intelligent
'aali: A adj. high/sublime/exalted/grand
'aam: A adj. common/public/general/ordinary (plu. 'awaamm)
'ibaadat: A n.f. prayers/devotion
'ibaarat: A n.f. composition/style/diction
'abas: A adj. useless/profitless/trifling/idle
'abd: A n.m. slave/servant of God
'ibrat: A n.f. warning/admonition
'itaab: A n.m. rebuke/reproach/anger/displeasure
'ajab: A n.m. wonder/astonishment
'ajab: A adj. wonderful/amazing/strange/rare
'ajeeb: A adj. wonderful/surprising/rare/admirable/unique
'adaalat: A n.f. court of justice/tribunal/justice/law
'adam: A n.m. non-existence/nothing/annihilation
'azaab: A n.m. torment/pain/punishment
'arsh: A n.m. roof/canopy/highest heaven
'arz: A n.f. petition/request/exposition/review
'irfaan: A n.m. knowledge/science/wisdom
'urooj: A n.m. ascension/rising/exaltation
'uryaan: A n.m. naked/bare/devoid
'izzat: A n.f. honor/esteem/glory/reputation
'azeez: A adj. dear/beloved/honored/respected/worthy
'ishrat: A n.f. pleasure/enjoyment/mirth/society
'ishq: A n.m. love/excessive passion
'atr: A n.m. perfume
'atf: A n.m. kindness/favor/affection/present
'azeem: A adj. great/high in dignity/large
'iffat: A n.f. purity/chastity
'aql: A n.m. intellect/reason/knowledge
'uqoobat: A n.f. punishment/torment/torture
'ilaaj: A n.m. cure/treatment/antidote
'ilaaqah: A n.m. jurisdiction/area/tenure
'illat: A n.f. fault/defect/bad habit/illness/pretext/basis
'ilm: A n.m. knowledge/science/doctrine
'aleem: A adj. wise/learned
'imaarat: A n.f. building/edifice
'umr: A n.f. age/life-time/span of life
'amalan: A adv. practically/truly
'inaad: A n.m. enmity/obstinacy
'awaam: A n.m. populace/common people (plu. of 'aam)
'aurat: A n.f. woman/wife/nudity
'aiyaash: A adj. luxurious/rakish/addicted to pleasure
'aish: A n.m. pleasure/delight/luxury
################################################################################
ghain
-----
ghaalib: A adj. victorious/predominant
ghaalib: A adv. often/likely/most probably
ghaa'ib: A adj. hidden/absent
ghubaar: A n.m. vapor/fog/mist/dust/vexation
ghaddaar: A adj. disloyal/treacherous
gharaz: A n.f. intention/meaning/design/view/want
ghuroor: A n.m. pride/vanity
gharib: A adj. poor/destitute/strange/innocent/wonderful
ghazal: A n.f. ode/poem
ghash: A n.m. stupor/fainting
ghussah: A n.m. anger/passion/rage/anxiety/grief
ghaflat: A n.f. negligence/drowsiness/stupor
ghulaam: A n.m. slave/boy/youth
ghalat: A adj. wrong/incorrect/inaccurate
ghaleez: A adj. dirty/filthy/gross/coarse/obscene
gham: A n.m. grief/sorrow/concern/care
gham khwaar: adj. consoling
gham deedah: adj. afflicted/grieved
gham gusaar: n.m. comforter
ghammaaz: A n.m. informer/tattletale/back-biting
ghaur: A n.m. deep thought/meditation/close attention
ghair: A n.m. stranger/foreigner
ghair: A adv. besides
ghair: A adj. other/different/alien/bad
ghair: A prep. without/except/but/save
ghairat: A n.f. honor/modesty/bashfulness/envy/enmity
################################################################################
fe
--
faakhir: A n.m. a boaster
faash: P adj. apparent/known/notorious
faasilah: A n.m. distance/space/separation
faazil: A adj. superfluous/accomplished person/virtuous
faaqah: A n.m. starvation/fasting/poverty
faa'idah: A n.m. benefit/profit/utility
faa'iq: A adj. superior/great
fitnah: A n.m. sedition/revolt/mischief/temptation
fatwaa: A n.m. judicial decree
fakhr: A n.m. glory/honor/pride/egotism
fida: A n.m. sacrifice/devotion/ransom/exchange
fidaa'ee: A&P n.m. lover
firaaq: A n.m. separation/anxiety/absence/distance
firdaus: A n.m. garden/paradise
farishtah: P n.m. angel/apostle/prophet/messenger
fursat: A n.f. opportunity/leisure/rest/recovery
farz: A n.m. duty/moral obligation/statute
farq: A n.m. difference/distance/separation/defect
furqat: A n.f. separation/disunion/absence (of lovers)
farmaan: P n.m. mandate/order/royal decree
farmaa'ish: P n.f. order for goods/requisition/pleasure/will
faro: P adj. down/below/under
faryaad: P n.f. complaint/cry
fareb: P n.m. deceit/trick/fraud
faza': A n.f. lamentation/wailing
fasanah: P n.m. romance/tale/fable
fazl: A n.m. excellence/virtue/reward/wisdom
fitrat: A n.f. nature/creation/deceit/intrigue/wisdom
fughaan.: P n.m. clamor/lamentation/cry of distress
faqr: A n.m. poverty
fikr: A n.m./f. opinion/notion/care/concern/anxiety/counsel
figaar: P adj. wounded/sore/afflicted/confused
falak: A n.m. sky/heaven/fortune/fate
fuwaad: A n.m. the heart
fauj: A n.f. army/crowd/multitude
fauran: A adv. immediately/quickly/directly
fahm: A n.m. understanding/intellect
faisalah: A n.m. settlement/decree/decision
faiz: A n.m. liberality/grace/bounty
################################################################################
qaaf
----
qaabil: A adj. worthy/able/competent/deserving/clever
qaaboo: P n.m. power/command/authority/possession/hold
qaatil: A n.m. murderer/assassin/homicide
qaazee: A n.m. judge
qaa'idah: A n.m. custom/rule/manners/habit/established order
qaafiyah: A n.m. rhyme/metre/cadence
qaanoon: A n.m. rule/law/system/state
qaa'il: A adj. confessing/agreeing/conceding/subdued
qaa'im: A adj. erect/stagnant/firm/durable
qabr: A n.f. grave/tomb
qabzah: A n.m. gridp/clutch/possessing/power/hilt of a sword
qubool: A n.m. consent/acceptance/assent/recognition
qatl: A n.m. killing/murder/assassination
qadd: A n.m. stature/size/height
qadr: A n.f. dignity/honor/worth/value
qudrat: A n.f. power/strength/universe/nature
qadam: A n.m. step/pace/footstep
qaraar: A n.m. residence/stability/rest/patience/satisfaction
qurbaan: A n.m. sacrifice/victim/offering
qarz: A n.m. debt/loan
qareeb: A adj. near/adjacent/akin/approaching
qasam: A n.m. an oath
qism: A n.f. sort/kind/species/portion/nature
qismat: A n.f. fortune/fate/share/portion/head/category
qusoor: A n.m. fault/defect/blame/sin/failure
qissah: A n.m. tale/fable/romance/quarrel/dispute
qazaa: A n.f. fate/destiny/jurisdiction/judgement
qafas: A n.m. cage/network/body
qalb: A n.m. heart/mind/soul/intellect/marrow/pith
qalam: A n.m. reed/pen/handwriting
qamar: A n.m. the moon
qaul: A n.m. word/saying/promise/consent/vow
qaum: A n.m. nation/people
qiyaamat: A n.f. resurrection/Judgement Day/tumult
qaid: A n.f. imprisonment/confinement/obstacle/control
qeemat: A n.m. price/value/woth/cost
################################################################################
kaaf
----
kaatib: A n.m. scribe/writer
kaazib: A adj. false
kaar: P n.m. affair/work/labor/duty/profession
kaarwaan: P n.m. caravan/large company of pilgrims
kaasah: P n.m. cup/goblet/bowl
kaash: P intj. would that !
kaashif: A adj. discoverer/revealer
kaaghaz: P n.m. paper/letter/document
kaafir: A n.m. infidel/sweetheart/mistress
kaafir: A adj. impious/ungrateful
kaafur: A n.m. camphor
kaafi: P&A adj. sufficient/enough
kaam: P n.m. palate/desire/object/purport/design/intention
kaamraan: adj. successful/fortunate/happy/blessed
kaam yaab: adj. prosperous/successfulhappy/satisfied
kaahish: P n.f. anxiety/pining/decline/decay
kaahil: A adj. lazy/slow/indolent/relaxed/tardy/ailing
kabootar: P n.m. pigeon/dove
kabeer: A adj. great/large/immense
kitaab: A n.m. book/writing/despatch
kasrat: A n.f abundance/excess/bulk
kadah: P n.m. a place (usually a suff.)
karam: A n.m. kindness/favor/bounty/clemency
kareem: A adj. bountiful/generous/merciful/epithet of God
kas: P n.m. man/person
kasab: A n.m. profession/trade
kasr: A n.f. breach/loss/affliction
kasal: A n.m. laxity/cowardice/depression/sickness
kiswat: A n.f. dress/appearance/habit/figure/form/manner
kashaakash: P n.f. struggle/dilemma/contention/grief and pain
kashti: P n.f. ship/boat/vessel/tray
kashish: P n.f. drawing/attraction/allurement
kufr: A n.m. paganism/infidelity/profanity
kafan: A n.m. shroud
kul: A adj. all/complete/entire/aggregate/universe
kalaam: A n.m. discourse/oration/a work/composition/objection
kam: P adj. deficient/few/little/rare/scanty
kam bakht: adj. unfortunate/wretched
kamzor: adj. weak/feeble/powerless
kamaal: A n.m. excellence/perfection/miracle/art
kamaan: P n.f. bow/arch/spring
kamar: P n.f. waist/girdle/zone/army flank/arch
kamee: P n.f. deficiency/loss/abatement/reduction/dearth
kameenah: P adj. mean/vulgar/base/defective
kinaarah: P n.m. shore/river bank/edge/margin/limit
kandah: P adj. carved/engraved
koshish: P n.f. attempt/endeavor/labor/exertion
koft: P n.f. beating/pain/vexation/grief/gilding
kaul: H n.m. mouthful/morsel
koh: P n.m. mountain/hill
kaif: A n.m. intoxication
kaifiyyat: A n.f. narrative/circumstances/explanation/situation
keenah: P n.m. malice/rancor/enmity
################################################################################
gaaf
----
giraan.: P adj. precious/costly/dear/important/heavy
gard: P n.f. trifle/dust
gird: P n.m. round/circumference/environs
girdaab: P n.m. whirlpool/abyss/vortex
gardish: P n.f. revolution/circulation/misfortune/vagrancy
gardan: P n.f. the neck
giriftaar: P adj. captured/seized/smitten/prisoner/captivated
garm: P adj. hot/burning/ardent/choleric/lively
girau: P n.m. pledge/pawn
girah: P n.f. knot/joint/knuckle
giriyaan.: P adj. weeping/crying
giryah: P n.m. weeping/lamentation/crying/plaint
gaz: P n.m. a yard measure
guzaarish: P n.f. petition/request/explanation
guzaarah: P n.m. living/subsistence/passage/abode
guzar: P n.f. a pass/a living/a road
gazeedah: P adj. stung/bitten
guzeedah: P adj. selected/chosen
gusaar: P adj. taking away/dissipating/removing
gustaakhee: P n.f. rudeness/arrogance/audacity
guftgoo: P n.f. conversation/discourse
gul: P n.m. rose/flower/ornament/brand
gul badan: adj. delicate/graceful
gul dastah: n.m. a bouquet
gul zaar: n.m. flower-bed/garden
gul sitaan.: n.m. rose-garden
gulshan: n.m. a flower or rose garden
gulaab: P n.m. the rose
gilah: P n.m. complaint/blame/reproach/lamentation
gum: P n.m. lost/missing/distracted
gum raah: adj. astray/lost/wicked/depraved
gum sum: adj. still/silent
gum gashtah: adj. lost/wandering
gum naam: adj. nameless/anonymous/unknown/inglorious
gumaan: P n.m. doubt/surmise/fancy/pride/opinion/distrust
gunaah: P n.m. fault/sin/crime/guilt
gawaaraa: P adj. palatable/agreeable/pleasant/nice
gawaah: P n.m. a witness
gawaahee: P n.m. testimony/evidence
gosh: P n.m. the ear
goshah: P n.m. corner/angle/cell/privacy
goyaa: P adj. speaking/eloquent
geer: P adj. taking/holding/seizing/conquering
gesoo: P n.m. tresses/locks
gaihaan.: P n.m. the world/the universe
################################################################################
laam
----
laa: A suff. no/not/by no means/without
laa jawaab: adj. rendered speechless/silenced
laa chaar: adj. helpless/destitute/forlorn/disabled
laa waaris: adj. heirless
laazim: A adj. necessary/compulsory/important
laash: T n.f/m. corpse
laa'iq: A adj. worthy/suitable/able/qualified/decent
lab: P n.m. the lip/edge/margin/shore/bank
laHzah: A n.m. the twinkling of an eye/moment/glance
lazzat: A n.f. taste/flavor/enjoyment/pleasure
larzaan.: P adj. termbling/tremulous/fearing
lataafat: P n.f. pleasantness/elegance/subtility
lutf: A n.m. kindness/favor/grace/pleasure
latmah: A n.m. slap/blow
lateefah: A n.m. pleasantry/witticism/joke
lughat: A n.m. tongue/speech/dialect/word/dictionary
lifaafah: A n.m. cover/envelope/wrapper/secret
lafz: A n.m. word/saying
luknat: A n.f. stammering/speech impediment
lagaam: H n.f. bridle/rein
lamHah: A n.m. minute/moment
lang: P n.m. lameness/limp
lan.gar: P n.m. anchor/cable/rope/public kitchen/alms
lau: H n.f. candle flame/ardent desire/attachment
lauH: A n.f. plank/board/table/tablet/title page
liyaaqat: A n.f. worth/ability/merit/skill
################################################################################
meem
----
maa: A adv. which/what/that which/whilst/during...
maa ba'd: adj. following
maa Haul: n.m. surroundings/environs
maa faat: adj. what is past or dead
maa waraa: adj. what is beyond or behind
maatam: A n.m. mourning/grief
maal: A n.m. riches/property/merchandise/revenue
maalik: A n.m. master/lord/owner/God
maani': A n.m. impediment/hinderance/objection/stopper
maah: P n.m. the moon/month
maah paaraa: adj. handsome/beloved
maah taab: n.m. moonlight
maah jabeen: adj. a beautiful person
maah wash: adj. having a face as beautiful as the moon
maahir: A adj. skilled/expert/master/excel
maayoos: A adj. without hope/disappointed
mubaarak: A adj. auspicious/blessed/felicitation
mubaahaat A n.m. contending for glory/boasting/arrogance
mubtada: A n.m. commencement/principle
mutaassif: A adj. sorrowful/repentant/grieving
mutabassim: A adj. smiling/laughing
mutaHammil: A adj. affable/tolerant/patient/passive
mutaraddid: A adj. hesitant/perplexed/wavering/grieved
matrook: A adj. abandoned/obsolete/rejected
muta'assib: A adj. prejudiced/partial/superstitious
matwalaa: A adj. intoxicated/inebriated
mutawaqqi': A adj. expecting/hopeful
matin: A adj. strong/solid/vigorous/obstinate
misaal: A adj. simile/likeness/metaphor/example
masal: A n.f. proverb/example
majaal: A n.f. power/strength/stability/opportunity
majboor: A adj. compelled/helpless/oppressed
mujrim: A adj. criminal/culpable/faulty
mujrim: A n.m. felon/criminal/sinner
majrooh: A adj. wounded/hurt/smitten
majma': A n.m. congregation/assemblage/crowd/collection
majnoon.: A adj. insane/madly in love
muHaafiz: A n.m. protector/guardian/guard
maHabbat: A n.f. love/friendship
maHboob: A n.m. lover/friend/sweetheart
maHboob: A adj. loved/lovely
maHboobah: A n.f. mistress/sweetheart
maHboos: A adj. confined/imprisoned
muHtaj: A adj. needy/poor/defective
maHjoob: A n.m. modesty/shame/bashfulness
maHdood: A adj. limited/bounded/finite
maHroom: A adj. deprived/unlucky/prohibited/disappointed
moHzoon: A adj. grieved/vexed
muHsin: A n.m. patron/benefactor
maHsood: A adj. envied/hated
maHsoos: A adj. felt/perceived/sensible
maHzooz: A adj. pleased/delighted/rich/contented
maHfil: A n.f. congregation/assembly
maHfooz: A adj. kept safe/guarded/secure/memorized
muHallah: A n.m. quarter(of a city)/street/ward
miHnat: A n.f. labor/toil/difficulty/trial
makhboot: A adj. mad/insane
mukhtasar: A adj. concise/abbreviated
makhmal: A n.m. velvet
makhmoor: A adj. intoxicated/drunk
madaar: A n.m. circumference/orbit/station/dependence
mudaam: A adv. eternally/always/continually
muddat: A n.f. period(of time)
madad: A n.f. help/assistance/reinforcement/wages
madhosh: A adj. intoxicated/astonished
mazaaq: A n.m. joke/taste/relish/perception
mazhab: A n.m. religion/sect/doctrine
muraad: A n.f. desire/will/intention/vow/tenor/meaning
martabah: A n.f./m. degree/office/class/order
marhalah: A n.m. stage/inn/day's journey/difficulty
marhoom: A adj. dead/deceased
mard: P n.m. man/male/hero/husband
murdah: P adj. dead/weak/decrepit
murshid: A n.m. teacher/spiritual guide
marghoob: A adj. desired/beautiful
marqoom: A adj. written/inscribed
marmar: G n.m. marble
marham: A n.m. ointment/salve/cure
mareez: A n.m. patient
mizaaj: A n.m. mixture/temperament/humor/pride
mazaar: A n.m. shrine/tomb/grave
mazah: P n.m. taste/relish/enjoyment/pleasure
musaafir: A n.m. traveller/stranger
mast: P adj. drunk/intoxicated
masroor: A adj. glad/cheerful/pleased
mash'al: A n.f. torch/lantern
mushkil: A adj. difficult/intricate/hard/painful
mashhoor: A adj. noted/famous/reported/proclaimed
museebat: A n.f. misfortune/calamity/adversity/evil
mazboot: A adj. strong/firm/resolute/valid
mutaqbiq: A adj. conformable/suitable/like/in accordance with
matlab: A n.m. object/aim/meaning/motive/wish/desire
mazloom: A adj. injure/oppressed/wronged
mu'aahid: A n.m. ally/confederate
mu'ijzah: A n.m. miracle
ma'shooq: A n.m. beloved/sweetheart
ma'loom: A adj. known/evident/clear
ma'mool: A adj. governed/prepared/customary
ma'nee: A n.m. meaning/intent/signifcance/reality/essence
maghz: P n.m. brain/pith/intellect
maghroor: A adj. proud/arrogant
maghloob: A adj. conquered/subdued
muft: P adj. free/gratis
maftoon: A adj. tempted/enamored/charmed/mad (with love)
muflis: A adj. poor/indigent/bankrupt
maflook: A adj. indigent/beggarly/destitute
mufeed: A adj. profitable/beneficial/useful
muqaabil: A adj. opposite/converse/against/matching
maqaal: A n.m. word/speech/saying/proverb
maqaam: A n.m. dwelling/station/position/basis
maqbarah: A n.m. tomb/grave
maqbool: A adj. accepted/chosen/grateful
muqaddar: A n.m. fate/destiny/predestination
muqaddam: A adj. antecedent/prior/superior/chief
muqir: A adj. confessing/admitting/acknowledging
muqarrar: A adj. established/fixed/certain/customary/permanent
maqsad: A n.m. intention/purpose/aim/goal/desire
maqsood: A adj. intended/proposed
makkaar: A adj. cunning/artful/deceitful
makaan: A n.m. house/place/habitation
mukaddar: A adj. turbid/muddy/sullen/gloomy/vexed
mukarrar: A adv. repeatedly/again
maknoon: A adj. hidden/concealed
magar: P conj. unless/perhaps/except/but/however
mulaazim: A n.m. servant/aide
mulaaqaat: A n.f. meeting/encounter/interview/visit
malaal: A n.m. sadness/grief/langor/fatigue
malaamat: A n.f. censure/rebuke
mulaa'im: A adj. soft/tender/gentle/placid
mulk: A n.m. nation/realm/territory
malool: A adj. sad/depressed/tired/bored
mumtaaz: A adj. exalted/eminent/chosen
mumkin: A adj. possible/feasible
munaasib: A n.f. proper/suitable/fit/apt/congruous
munHasir: A adj. surrounded/besieged/dependent/resting
manzil: A n.f. day's journey/destination/storey/house
manish: P n.f. heart/mind/soul/magnanimity/pride
manzar: A n.m. countenance/visage/sight/aspect/scene
manzoor: A adj. admired/chosen/approved/accepted/granted
mana': A n.m. prohibition/refusal/hindrance/forbidding
maut: A n.f. death/mortality
mauj: A n.f. wave/surge/enjoyment/ecstasy/caprice/plenty
moojib: A n.m. cause/reason
maujood: A adj. present/existing/at hand/ready
mausam: A n.m. season/time
mauqa': A n.m. occasion/opportunity/place/situation
mom: P n.m. wax
mua'yyid: A adj. corroborative/confirmatory
muhaajir: A n.m. refugee/emigrant
mahtaab: P n.m. moonlight
mihrbaani: P n.f. favor/kindness
muhlat: A n.f. retarding/delay/respite/leisure
mihmaan: P n.m. guest
mai: P n.f. wine/liquor
mai khaanah: n.m. bar/tavern
mai kadah: n.m. bar/tavern
maidaan: A n.m. open field/battlefield/ground
muyassar: A adj. facilitated/easy/possible/feasible
################################################################################
noon
----
naa: P&H pref. no/not/termination of the infinitive
naa aashnaa: adj. not acquainted/stranger
naa ittifaaqi: n.f. discord/disagreement
naa ummeedee: n.f. hopelessness/despair
naa insaafi: n.f. injustice
naa bood: adj. nonexistent/annihilated/extinct
naa paa'idari: n.f. inconstancy/frailty
naa pasand: adj. disliked/unacceptable/offensive
naa tars: adj. hard-hearted/severe/pitiless
naa tamaam: adj. incomplete
naa tawaani: n.f. weakness/inability
naa jaa'iz: adj. unlawful
naa chaar: adj. helpless/destitute/forlorn
naa cheez: adj. trifling/insignificant/worthless
naa khushi: n.f. disagreeableness/displeasure
naa daari: n.f. poverty
naa daanistah: adv. unwittingly/unknowingly
naa daani: n.f. ignorance
naa deedah: adj. greedy
naa raasti: n.f. dishonesty
naa raazi: n.f. discontent
naa saaz: adj. indisposed/dissonant/uncivil
naa samajh: adj. ignorant/dull/foolish
naa shaad: adj. cheerless/joyless/dull
naa shukr: adj. ungrateful
naa shinaas: adj. ignorant
naa saaf: adj. unclean/impure/unchaste
naa saboor: adj. impatient/restless
naa taaqat: adj. weak/feeble
naa farmaan: adj. disobedient
naa fahm: adj. stupid
naa qaabil: adj. unfit/unworthy/incapable
naa qadr: adj. unappreciative
naa kaam: adj. unsuccessful
naa kas: adj. worthless/base
naa gawaar: adj. unpleasant/unpalatable
naa laa'iq: adj. unworthy/unsuitable/improper
naa muraad: adj. disappointed
naa mard: adj. unmanly
naa ma'loom: adj. unknown
naa mumkin: adj. impossible
naa manzoor: adj. disallowed
naa yaab: adj. scarce/rare
naataa: H n.m. relationship/alliance/kin/affinity
naach: H n.m. dance
naakhun: P n.m. nail/claw
naadir: A adj. rare/singular/precious
naadim: A adj. penitent/ashamed/bashful
naar: A n.f. fire/hell
naaz: P n.m. coquetry/airs/pride/elegance/softness/delicacy
naazish: P n.f. pride/arrogance
naazuk: P adj. thin/slender/fragile/delicate
naasoot: A n.m. humanity/human nature
naafiz: A adj. having effect/piercing
naak: P suff. affected with/full of
naalaan: P adj. lamenting/moaning
naalish: P n.f. complaint/accusation
naam: P n.m. name/title/honor/fame/
naamah: P n.m. treatise/book/history
naa'o: H n.f. boat/ship/vessel
naa-onosh: P n.m. carousing/feasting
naa'ib: A n.m assistant/deputy
nabz: A n.f. the pulse
nabi: A n.m. a prophet
nataa'ij: A n.m. results/consequences (plu. of nateejah)
nateejaa: A n.m. result
nisaar: A n.m. throwing/dispersion/scattering/sacrifice
najm: A n.m. star/planet/fortune/horoscope
najeeb: A adj. praiseworthy/noble/generous
nakhraah: A n.m. airr/coquetry/trick/pretence/swagger
nadeem: A n.m. intimate friend
nar: S&P n.m. man/male
niraalee H adj. unequalled/rare/strange
nargis: P n.f. Narcissus/the eye of a mistress
narm: P adj. smooth/tender/soft/slow
nazaakat: P n.f. neatness/elegance/politeness
nazdeek: P adj. near
nisbat: A n.f relation/affinity/attribute/comparison
naseem: A n.f. Zephyr/gentle breeze
nishaan: P n.m. mark/sign/signal/emblem/target/scar/trace
nishaanee: P n.f. mark/sign/souvenir/keepsake
nashaah: P n.m. intoxication/pride/arrogance
nasheen: P adj. sitting
nusrat: A n.f. victory
naseeb: A n.m. fortune/fate/destiny
naseeHat: A n.f. advice/counsel/admonition
nazaarah: A n.m. sight/view/vista
nazaafat: A n.f. purity/neatness
nizaam: A n.m. order/arrangement/custom/system
nazar: A n.f. look/glance/favor/motive/view/countenance
nazm: A n.f. poetry/verse
nazm: A n.m. order/arangement
na'sh: A n.f. coffin/corpse/bier
ni'am: A n.f. favors/benefits
na'eem: A n.f. pleasure/ease/tranquility
naghmaah: A n.m. melody/song/musical note
nafrat: A n.f. aversion/disgust/fright/terror
nafs: A n.m. soul/spirit/essence
naqsh: A n.m. painting/picture/map/mark
naqshah: A n.m. portrait/model/design/example
nuqsaan: A n.m. loss
naql: A n.f. narration/tale/mimicing/copying/aping
naqli: A adj. artificial/spurious/counterfiet
nikaah: A n.m. matrimony
nakbat: A n.f. calamity/misfortune
nuktah: A n.m. subtlety conceit/point of wit/epigram
nuktah been: adj. hypercritical
nuktah cheen: adj. captious
nuktah daan: adj. sagacious
nigaar: P n.m. painting/picture/sweetheart/beloved
nigaah: P n.f. look/glance/sight/custody/care
nigaah baan: n.m. protector/guard
nam: P n.m. moisture/wetness/dampness
nam: P adj. moist/wet/damp
namaaz: A n.f. prayer
numaa'ish: P n.f. show/display/sight/spectacle
namoonah: P n.m. example/sample/specimen
nau: P adj. new/fresh/raw
nau bahaar: n.f. early spring
nau jawaani: n.f. youth/prime of life
nau nihaal: n.m. sapling/young man
nawaazish: P n.f. kindness/favor/patronage
naubat: A n.f. turn/time
noor: A n.m light
nihaal: P n.m sapling
nihaan.: P n.m latent/hidden/secret/
niyaaz: P n.f. desire/plea/poverty/need
niyyat: A n.f. intention/purpose/will/aim
nek: P adj. good/lucky/virtuous/pious
neelaam: (Port.) n.m. auction
nim: P adj. middle/half
niyoosh: P adj. listening/hearing
################################################################################
vaa-o
-----
o: P conj. and
waa: P adj. open
waa: P adv. again/back
waa: P prep. with
waa bastah: adj. bound together/attached
waa pas: adj. behind/back/returning again
waa rastah: adj. free/delivered/escaped/carefree
waa sokht: n.m. aversion/disgust
waasiq: A adj. strong/firm/confident/secure
waajib: A adj. necessary/obligatory
waajibaat: A n.m. duties (plu. of waajib)
waajid: A adj. possessor/creator
waahid: A adj. unique/one/single/unit
waar: H n.m. blow/attack/stroke
waar: P suff. like/resembling/possessing
waar: S n.m. day of the week/moment
waaris: A n.m. heir
waarid: A adj. coming/arriving/happening
waaridaat: A adj. events/occurences (plu. of waarid)
waastah: A n.m. account/sake/reason/means/motive
waaste: A prep. for/for the sake of
waazih: A adj. clear/evident/apparent
waaqi': A adj. occuring/happening
waaqi'i: A adv. really/actually/truly
waaqi'i: A adj. true/real/proper
waalid: A n.m. father
waalidah: A n.f. mother
waalah: A adj. distracted/mad with love
waan: H suff. possessing/endowed with
waahimah: A n.m. imagination/fancy/whim
wajaahat: A n.f. dignity/respect/beauty
wajd: A n.m. ecstasy/rapture/excessive love
wijdaan: A n.m. ecstasy/rapture/intuition
wujood: A n.m. existence/essence/being
waj-h: A n.m. cause/reason/mode/manner/face/appearance
wajeeh: A n.m. handsome/respectable/good appearance
waHshat: A n.f. solitude/grief/fear/sadness/loneliness
waHeed: A adj. singular/unique/alone
widaad: A n.f. friendship/love/affection
widaa': A n.m. farewell
wadood: A adj. loving/friendly
war: P suff. possessing/having
warnah: P adv. and if not/otherwise
wazn: A n.m. weight/measure/metre/rhyme/esteem/honor
waseem: A adj. handsome/fine countenance
wash: P suff. like/resembling
wasf: A n.m. praise/merit/virtue
wusool: A n.m. collection/acquisition
wasiyyat: A n.f. testament/last will/legacy/bequest
wazaahat: A n.f. vivid description
waza': A n.f. state/position/situation
watan: A n.m. native country
wa'dah: A n.m. promise/agreement
waghairah: A adv. et cetera/and so forth
wafaa: A n.f. fulfilling a promise/fulfilment/fidelity
wafaa begaanah: adj. faithless
wafaa daar: adj. faithful/sincere
wafaat: A n.f. death
waqt: A n.m. time/term/season/hour/opportunity
waqf: A n.m. religious bequest
wakaalat: A n.f. advocacy/attorneyship
wakeel: A n.m. lawyer/attorney
wilaayat: A n.f. a foreign country/abroad/realm/union with God
walee: A n.m. lord/prince/master/friend/guardian
wahm: A n.m. imagination/idea/fancy/opinion/fear/suspicion
wairaagi: S n.m. ascetic/recluse
weeraan: P adj. desolate/ruined
weeraanah: P n.m. a ruined place
weeraani: P n.f. desolation/destruction/ruin
################################################################################
chhoTi he
---------
haatif: P n.m. angel/voice from heaven
haath: H n.m. hand/arm/clutches/power/slap/reach
haadi: A n.m. guide/leader/director
haar: S&P n.m. necklace/garland
haar: H n.f. loss/defeat/fatigue
haalah: A n.m. halo/nimbus/circle round the moon
haamoon: P n.m. desert/plain/level ground
haawiyah: A n.m. the lowest region of hell
haa'ilah A adj. terrible/horrible
huboot: A n.m. decline/downfall/descent
hibah: A n.m. gift/bequest/grant
hatauRa: H n.m. sledgehammer
hatauRee: H n.f. small hammer
hathyaar: H n.f. tool/weapon
hathelee: H n.f. palm of the hand
hijr: A n.m. separation/absence from one's country
hijrat: A n.f. separation/flight (flight of the Prophet
from Mecca to Medina)
hujoom: A n.m. crowd/mob/tumult/assault/attack
hidaayat: A n.f. instruction/guidance/righteousness
hadaf: A n.m. target/goal/object
hazaa: A pron. this
har: P adj. all/every/each
har ek: adj. every one
har baar: adv. every time
har jaa'ee: adj. vagabond/faithless
har dam: adv. every moment
hiraas: P n.m. fear/terror/confusion/sorrow/disappointment
harj: A n.m. tumult/sedition/trouble/loss/harm/injury
harzah: P adj. nonsense/absurd/frivolous/vain
hargiz: P adv. ever/never
haryaalee: H n.f. greeness/freshness/grass
hazl: A n.m. joke/jest/pleasantries
hasti: P n.f. life/existence
hushyaar: P adj. intelligent/alert/awake
haftah: P n.m. a week
hakaazah: A adv. similarly
halaak: A adj. ruined/destroyed
halaak: A n.f. ruin/destruction/slaughter/death
hilaal: A n.m. new moon/the crescent
ham: P conj. also/likewise/together/with/similar
& adv.
ham bazm: adj. of the same society
ham batn: adj. related by blood
ham batn: n.m. blood-relation/close ally
ham taa: adj. equal/alike
ham jalees: adj. close friend
& n.m.
ham jolee: n.f. playmate/equal/peer/friend
& n.m.
ham dard: n.f. sympathizer/partner in adversity
ham raaz: adj. confidant
ham raah: n.m. fellow-traveller
ham zabaan.: adj. unanimous/of the same language
ham saaz: adj. friendly/unanimous
ham saayah: n.m. neighbor
ham safar: n.m. fellow-traveller
ham mazhab: adj. coreligionist
ham nasheen: n.m. playmate/associate
humaa: P n.m. eagle/phoenix/bird of Paradise
humaayun: P adj. august/royal/fortunate
himmat: A n.f. spirit/mind/courage/desire/design
hameshaah: P adv. always
han.gaam: P n.m. season/time/period
han.gaamah: P n.m. tumult/riot/uproar/confusion/disorder
hawaa: A n.f. wind/breeze/air/atmosphere
hawas: A n.f. ambition/desire/lust
hosh: P n.m. sense/mind/understanding
haul: A n.m. terror/horror/fright
hunar: P n.m. skill/art
heeraa: H n.m. diamond
hai'at: A n.f. astronomy/face/figure;commission/delegation
################################################################################
chhoTi ye/baRi ye
-----------------
yaa: A intj. O!
yaa: P conj. either/or
yaad: P n.f. remembrance/memory/recollection
yaad daasht: n.f. a note/memorandum/memory
yaad gaar: memorial/souvenir/keepsake
yaar: P n.m. friend/lover/companion
yaaraa: P n.m. strength/courage/power
yaaraanah: P n.m. friendship
yaaraanah: P adv. friendly
yaari: P n.f. friendship/assistance/love/intrigue
yaas: A n.f. despair/fear/terror
yaaghi: T n.m. rebel/enemy
yaaqoot: P n.m. ruby/garnet
yaawar: P adj. aiding/friendly
yaawar: P n.m. assistant/companion/friend
yaawari: P n.f. favor/assistance/friendship
yaawah: P adj. absurd/vain/futile/lost/ruined
yataamaa: A n.m. orphans (plu. of yateem)
yateem: A n.m. orphan
yad: A n.m. hand/power/authority/protection/succor
yazdaan: P n.m. God
yasaar: A n.m. left/left hand; affluence/opulence
ya'ni: A adv. namely/that is to say
yaqin: A n.m. certainity/assurance/truth/confidence/trust
yaqinan: adv. certainly/verily/assuredly/indeed
yak: P adj. one/a/an
yak jaan: adj. one soul
yak dil: adj. unanimous
yak rukhee: adj. one-sided
yak zabaan: adj. uniform opinion or speech
yak sar: adj. all at once
yak soo: adj. on one side/aside
yak lakht: adv. all at once/suddenly
yaktaa: P adj. single/unique/matchless/incomparable
yagaanah: P n.m. kinsman/kindred
yagaanah: P adj. unique/single/sole/agreed/unequalled
yumn: A n.m. felicity/prosperity/good luck
yamin: A n.m. right hand; oath
yoorish: T n.f. assault/storm/invasion
yaum: A n.m. a day
(TAMAAM)
Article 10301 of rec.music.indian.misc:
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Path: news.uakron.edu!usenet.ins.cwru.edu!news.ecn.bgu.edu!psuvax1!news.cc.swarthmore.edu!netnews.upenn.edu!netnews.cc.lehigh.edu!ns1.cc.lehigh.edu!sm0e
From: sm0e@ns1.cc.lehigh.edu (SAMIUDDIN MOHAMMED)
Subject: Ye waadian ye fizaen bula rahi hain tumhe... (Lyrics)
Message-ID: <1993Dec8.234659.121830@ns1.cc.lehigh.edu>
Date: Wed, 8 Dec 1993 23:46:59 GMT
Organization: Lehigh University
Lines: 45
RMIM ke bhaio aur baheno,
Rajan's recent post on "Husnwale tera jawab nahi..." made me think of another
Rafi/Ravi combo from the movie Aaj aur Kal. The excellent lyrics are by the
master, Sahir himself! The tune is simple yet so very melodious. And Rafi
Sahab's rendition could not have been matched by anyone else for this song.
If someone u love is away from u, then this is the ideal song for u to sing.
So, sing along and enjoy the following gem.
Movie: Aaj aur Kal
Music: Ravi
Lyrics: Sahir Ludhianwi
Singer: Mohammed Rafi
Filmed on: ????
Ye waadian ye fizaen bula rahi hain tumhe
Ye waadian ye fizaen bula rahi hain tumhe
KHamoshion ki sadaen bula rahi hain tumhe
Ye waadian ye fizaen bula rahi hain tumhe
Tumhari zulphon se KHushboo ki bheek lene ko
Jhuki jhuki si ghataen bula rahi hain tumhe
KHamoshion ki sadaen........
Haseen champaee pairon ko jabse dekha hai
Nadi ki mast adaen bula rahi hain tumhe
KHamoshion ki sadaen........
Mera kaha na suno inki (or dilki) baat to sunlo
Har ek dil ki duaen bula rahi hain tumhe
KHamoshion ki sadaen bula rahi hain tumhe
Ye waadian ye fizaen bula rahi hain tumhe.....
Sami Mohammed (A Naushad fan)......... and a Sahir fan.
--
_______________________________________________________________________________
|
Sami Mohammed |
Emulsion Polymers Institute | I polymerize,
Dept. of Chemical Engineering | Therefore, I AM
Lehigh University |
_______________________________|________________________________________________
Article 10450 of rec.music.indian.misc:
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From: parrikar@mimicad.Colorado.EDU (Rajan P. Parrikar)
Subject: Re: Rohtaki Chala Band Bajane (Or What to do with a keyboard?)
Message-ID: <CHyxKs.FAx@Colorado.EDU>
Originator: parrikar@mimicad
Sender: news@Colorado.EDU (USENET News System)
Organization: University of Colorado, Boulder
Date: Mon, 13 Dec 1993 10:10:04 GMT
Lines: 298
In article <1993Dec11.203204.14179@cc.gatech.edu> jasjit@cc.gatech.edu (Jasjit Singh) writes:
>Hi all!
>
>First the background. I have absolutely no knowledge of any knowledge about
>any musical instrument - I can't even distinguish a "SA" from a "RE" !! And,
>I happened to buy a small (32-key) Casio keyboard. I have been trying to
>get some familiar tunes out of it, but with very limited success. Here is
>where you music gurus fit in. As you will see, my problems are really
>fundamental :
>
>[1] What does the keyboard layout structured? Are there any logical "groups"
> to the keys? What is the difference between these groups? What is the
> difference between black and white keys? Do all songs use all keys all
> the time? How many fingers does one use - 1?5?10?
>
>[2] How to interpret the notes that people have been posting for various
> songs on the net? (That is, how do I map their description to actual
> keystrokes?) Where can I find notes for popular songs? (Any ftp site?)
> In particular, can someone explain to me how I can play the following
> tunes on my keyboard :
> (a) Ek do teen char paanch chey sat ..
> (b) Maine tere liye hee ...
> (c) Zindagi ek safar hai suhana ...
>
>I know that the above is a lot of info I am asking for, but I have faith in
>you all - please don't let me down !!
>
>Thanks,
>Jasjit Singh "Rohtaki"
>
>-----------------------------------------------------------------------
>Jasjit Singh jasjit@cc.gatech.edu
>PhD Student, College of Computing, (404)-876-0154 (h)
>Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA 30332. (404)-894-6169 (o)
>-----------------------------------------------------------------------
First of all, congratulations on buying a Casiotone and giving a
much needed boost to Japan's sagging economy. Secondly, if you think
flaunting your Casiotone is going to net you a babe, perish the
thought. It doesn't work.:-)
WARNING #1: The following has been put together early Monday morning
on a hungry stomach (Pizza delivery stops after 2 a.m. in Boulder).
What that translates to is, I am currently at my incoherent best.
If your operating system is sensitive to desultory outpourings, I
suggest you hit the "n" key NOW. No attempt has been made at clarity
in exposition nor is the treatment exhaustive.
Comments/criticism most welcome. Flames will be amplified and
returned.
WARNING #2: Anyone considering a serious study in Indian classical
music would do well to never go near a keyboard during the first
6/8 years of your training.
Rajanataurus
============
The Musical Scale:
-----------------
Start with an arbitrary note on your keyboard of frequency, say f1.
Now progressively increase the frequency (effectively, moving towards
the right on the keyboard) until you hit the note that is of a
frequency f2 = 2*f1. In doing so, you are said to have traversed
one octave (saptak).
The octave is sub-divided into 12 notes (swaras) out of which 7
are called "shuddha" swaras, 4 are "komal" and 1 is "tivra."
The shuddha swaras ( the "sa re ga ma" we are so familiar with)
may be viewed as being the "integers" of the musical scale.
(The Western notation is provided merely for comparison and may
be ignored). I am providing the terminology used in Hindustani
system; be informed that the Carnatic system calls the swaras
by slightly different names.
The Saptak
---------------------------------------------------------------
Hindustani Symbol Solfeggio Symbol
Swara Names
----------------------------------------------------------------
Shadja (Sa) -----> S -----> Do -----> C
Komal Rishab -----> r -----------------> C# or Df
Shuddha Rishab (Re) -----> R -----> Re -----> D
Komal Gandhaar -----> g -----------------> D# or Ef
Shuddha Gandhaar (Ga) -----> G -----> Mi -----> E
Shuddha Madhyam (Ma) -----> M -----> Fa -----> F
Tivra Madhyam -----> m -----------------> F# or Pf
Pancham (Pa) -----> P -----> So -----> G
Komal Dhaivat -----> d -----------------> G# or Af
Shuddha Dhaivat (Dha) -----> D -----> La -----> A
Komal Nishad -----> n -----------------> A# or Bf
Shuddha Nishad (Ni) -----> N -----> Ti -----> B
------------------------------------------------------------------
>From the table above, you will see that there are 4 komal swaras,
viz., komal re, komal ga, komal dha and komal ni, and, one tivra
swara, namely the tivra madhyam. The shuddha swaras are denoted
by caps and the remaining 5 notes are denotes by lower case.
(The "#" and "f" under the Western notation denote the "sharp" and
"flat" notes, respectively. For example, A# is "A-sharp"; it is the
same note as Bf (B-flat).)
To summarize: if you select any arbitary key to be your Sa then
the progression of notes in an octave will be:
S r R g G M m P d D n N S"
(The '"` tagged to S indicates the Sa of the higher octave; that is,
the frequency of S" is twice that of S). Now let's have a look
at the keyboard itself.
The Keyboard:
------------
The figure below shows a mapping of the octave on a keyboard along
with the corresponding Indian and Western notation. All the twelve
notes are indicated in the figure.
The "Safed Ek" (the first white key) is selected to be the Sa (also
called the "tonic.") The corresponding swaras of the octave, then, are
as shown. All the white keys will correspond to the shuddha swaras
while the black keys will be the komal and the tivra swaras. (Western
notation has been provided merely for comparison and may be ignored).
There is nothing sacred about selecting Safed Ek as your tonic Sa. In
other words, the Sa is not absolute. But once you establish your Sa,
all the other notes assume recognition _with respect to the chosen
Sa_ and fall into place accordingly. You could well have chosen Kali
Ek key to be your Sa. As Homework Assignment #1, figure out what the
corresponding shuddha swaras are with Kali Ek as the tonic. Do the same
with Kali Chaar. (BTW, the Western nomenclature is fixed; that is,
C always remains the key shown in the figure and so on).
(safed C# D# F# G# D#
ek) r g m d n
| _________________________________________________
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|-----> | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|---------> | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |___| |___| | |___| |___| |___| | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| |_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|
| S R G M P D N S" <--|Indian
(kali (Sa) (Re) (Ga) (Ma) (Pa) (Dha) (Ni) (Sa) <--|Notation
ek)
C D E F G A B C <--|Western
(Do) (Re) (Mi) (Fa) (So) (La) (Ti) (Do) <--|Notation
Important: Note that the above configuration has been arrived
at by fixing Safed Ek as the Sa. You could well select any
other Sa and arrive at a different configuration. In HW #1, you
are asked to make the r above (Kali Ek) as your new Sa and map
out the resulting scale.
The Equally Tempered Scale:
--------------------------
At this point, a curious mind will ask: Why is the octave divided
into 12 divisions? Why not more (or less)? After all, more the number
of divisions, better the resolution. While these are perfectly
legitimate questions the answers are not so straightforward. In the
interest of keeping this discussion short I shall not go into the
details of the origins and development of the musical scale. It is
an interesting topic but will have to wait for another day. However,
I shall briefly tell you how your keyboard scale is configured.
As indicated earlier, from S to S", the frequency ratio is 1:2.
Our task is to divide the octave into 12 equal parts such that
the interval from, say S to r and say, P to d, are equal. Let us
denote this interval by x. Now, if you assign a value of 1 to
S, the relative frequency of note r is x, R is x**2, g is x**3
and so on. By the time you have hit S", you end up with the
equation x**12 = 2. The twelfth root of 2 is 1.0594 and therefore
x=1.0594. When the octave is divided in this manner (there are other
ways too), the scale so obtained is known as the "equally tempered"
or "tempered" scale. Most commercially available pianos and electronic
keyboards employ this division scheme. (I should slip in the fact that
to classical Indian music, this kind of division is anathema but
we're not talking classical Indian music here and so....).
Once again, refer to the keyboard map above. What is typically done
in your Casiotones or Yamahas is, the key A of the "central octave"
is assigned a frequency of 440 Hz. With the ratio of 1.0594 obtained
above and a pocket calculator, you can easily calculate the frequencies
of all the notes in your "central octave." They turn out to be (approx):
C = 261.6 Hz F = 349.3 Hz B = 493.8
D = 293.3 Hz G = 392.0 Hz C"= 523.2(=2*261.6)
E = 329.6 Hz A = 440 Hz
The Grand Finale:
----------------
Now that you are done with all the foreplay it is time to prepare
for the climax. That is, actually start playing a song on the
damn keyboard. Before you do so, you need to recognize that Indian
Re: Meaning of Ghazal and some ghazals by Ghalib.
Author: gaurav.kolapur@g
Date: Sat, 18 Nov 2017 01:09
Date: Sat, 18 Nov 2017 01:09
1253 lines
45811 bytes
45811 bytes
On Thursday, July 21, 1994 at 4:50:27 AM UTC+5:30, Harish Kuram wrote: > I am posting this on request of a netter. This is not my work. I don't > know who the author is. I respect his work. I had saved it in a file and > I am posting this for benefit of all. The song 'Jaane kya doondhthi > rahti....' got interspersed somewhere in the file. My fault. I > apologise for that. Well, I hope you enjoy it. > Harish > > Classical Definition of Ghazal > =============================== > > Ghazal in short, is a collection of Sher's which follow the rules of > 'Matla', 'Maqta', 'Beher', 'Kaafiyaa' and 'Radif'. So to know what > Ghazal is, it's necessary to know what these terms mean. > > To understand these terms easily , we will take an example. > > 1. koi ummid bar nahin aati > koi surat nazar nahin aati > 2. aage aati thi haale dil par hasi > ab kisi baat par nahin aati > 3. hum wahan hain, jahan se humko bhi > kucch hamaari khabar nahin aati > 4. kaabaa kis muh se jaaoge 'Ghalib' > sharm tumko magar nahin aati > > What is a Sher ? > It's a poem of two lines. This definition is deceptively simple. > Please note that, every Sher is a poem in itself ! A Sher does not > need, anything around it, to convey the message. > All the 4 stanzas in our example are independent poems, Sher's. > > > So Ghazal is necessarily a collection of two-line-poems called Sher. > [ So the Rafi solo "rang aur noor ki baaraat kise pesh karu" is NOT > a Ghazal, as every stanza is of 3 lines, and not 2. ] > > What are other restrictions ? Many, and important ones. > [ Any collection of Sher's is not Ghazal. Some good examples are ; the > famous Mukesh song from Yehoodi, "yeh mera deewaanaapan hai" ; and the > title song of "dil apana aur preet parayi". Each stanza in these songs > can be considered as an independent Sher, but they are NOT Ghazal's. > To understand, why, we have to wait till 'Kaafiyaa, 'Radif'. ] > > > What is 'Beher' ? > 'Beher' is the 'meter' of the Sher's. It can be considered as the > length of the Sher. Both the lines in the Sher *MUST* be of > same 'Beher'. And all the Sher's in one Ghazal *MUST* be of the > same 'Beher'. There are 19 (!!) kinds of 'Beher'. But in simple terms, > 'Beher' is categorized in 3 classes. Short, medium, long. > [ The examples in [] are my additions, from Hindi Films. ] > > Small : > ahale dairo-haram reh gaye > tere deewane kam reh gaye > [ Also Talat song, "dil-e-nadan tuze hua kya hai" ] > > Medium : > umr jalwo me basar ho, ye zaruri to nahin > har shab-e-gam ki seher ho, ye zaruri to nahin > [ And by Gulzar, "ruke ruke se kadam, ruk ke baar baar chale" ] > > Long : > ai mere humnashin, chal kahin aur chal, is chaman me ab apanaa guzaaraa nahin > baat hoti gulon ki, to seh lete hum, ab to kaaton pe bhi haq hamaaraa nahin > [ The filmfare winner, "Manzile apani jagah hai" !! Yes ! It IS a Ghazal. > And the Shayar is Prakash Mehra !! surprise , surprise !! ] > > > So Ghazal is a collection of Sher's of SAME 'Beher'. > > > What is 'Radif' ? > In a Ghazal, second line of all the Sher's *MUST* end with the *SAME* > word/s. This repeating common words is the 'Radif' of the Ghazal. > > In our example, the 'Radif' is "nahin aati". > > [ Sometimes, the Ghazal becomes known by its 'Radif'. eg. "jaraa > aahista chal" sung by Pankaj Udhas. On RMIM we all know one Ghazal by > the 'Radif' as "aahista aahista", don't we ? or is it 2 or 3 ? :-) ] > > > What is 'Kaafiyaa' ? > 'Kaafiyaa' is the rhyming pattern which all the words before 'Radif' > *MUST* have. > > In our example the 'Kaafiyaa' is "bar", "nazar", "par", "magar" etc. > This is a necessary requirement. Something which is followed even in > the exceptions to all these rules. > > > So Ghazal is a collection of Sher's of same 'Beher', ending in same > 'Radif' and having same 'Kaafiyaa'. > [ That's the reason, why "yeh mera diwanapan hai" etc. are NOT Ghazals. > There is no common thing which can be called 'Kaafiyaa' and 'Radif'. ] > > What is 'Matla' ? > The first Sher in the Ghazal *MUST* have 'Radif' in its both lines. > This Sher is called 'Matla' of the Ghazal and the Ghazal is usually > known after its 'Matla'. There can be more than one 'Matla' in a > Ghazal. In such a case the second one is called 'Matla-e-saani' or > 'Husn-e-matla'. > In our example, the first Sher is the 'Matla'. > > What is 'Maqta' ? > A Shayar usually has an alias ie. 'takhallus' eg. Mirza Asadullakhan > used 'Ghalib' as his 'takhallus' and is known by that. Other examples > are 'Daag' Dehlvi, 'Mir' Taqi Mir, Said 'Rahi', Ahmed 'Faraz' etc. > There is a Sher in a Ghazal, the last one, which has the Shayar's > 'takhallus' in it. > [ A Shayar, can use the 'Maqta' very intelligently. He can "talk to > himself" like one in our example. I have lots of favourite Sher's > which are 'Maqta' of some Ghazal. Some gems are > koi nam-o-nishan puchhe to ai kaasid bataa denaa, > takhallus 'Daag' hai, aur aahiqon ke dil me rehte hai > and > jab bhi milte hain, to kehte hain, "kaise ho 'Shakil'", > iske aage to koi baat nahin hoti hai > The first one uses the meaning of the 'takhallus' to create the > magic, and the second one is just simple, simply beautiful. ] > > > To summarize, Ghazal is a collection of Sher's (independent two-line > poems), in which there is atleast one 'Matla', one 'Maqta' and all > the Sher's are of same 'Beher' and have the same 'Kaafiyaa' and > 'Radif'. > > EXCEPTIONS AND IMP. POINTS TO NOTE > ================================== > > 1. Ghazal is just a form. It is independent of any language. > eg. in Marathi also, there can be (and there are) good Ghazals. > > 2. Some Ghazal's do NOT have any 'Radif'. Rarely. Such Ghazal's > are called "gair-muraddaf" Ghazal. > > 3. Although, every Sher, should be an independent poem in itself, > it is possible, that all the Sher's are on the same theme. What > famous example can be other than "chupke chupke raat din aasun > bahaanaa yaad hai". > > 4. In modern Urdu poetry, there are lots of Ghazal's which do > NOT follow the restriction of same 'Beher' on both the lines > of Sher. [ My example in 'Maqta', the Sher by Shakil, is one. ] > But even in these Ghazal's, 'Kaafiyaa' and 'Radif' are present. > > 5. The restriction of 'Maqta' is really very loose. Many many > Ghazal's do NOT have any 'Maqta'. [ I think 'Maqta' was used in > the earlier times, as a way to keep the credit. But since this is > traditional, many Ghazal's do have a 'Maqta' just for the sake of it. > Sometimes the name of the Shayar comes unnaturally in the last > Sher of the Ghazal. ] > > > > ------------------------------------------------------------------------- > > > So that's my long essay on Ghazal :-) > I hope it helps in clearing some doubts, and I also hope > that atleast for some, the information was interesting and new. > > - Abhay. > Ghazal rudaad hai naakaamiyon ki, > Ghazal mehrumiyon ki daastaan hai | > Ghazal riste hue zakhmon ka marham, > Ghazal ek chaaraa-e-dard-e-nihan hai | > Ghazal ka husn hi hai, husn-e-aalam, > Ghazal ka noor hi noor-e-jahan hai | > - Jagdish Bhatnagar 'Hayaat' > > > > Jane Kya Dhoondti Rehti Hai Yeh Aankhen Mujh Men > Raakh Ke Dher Men Shola Hai Na Chingari Hai > > Ab Na Woh Pyar Na Us Pyar Ki Yaaden Baaki > Aag Yun Dil Men Lagi Kuchh Na Raha, Kuchh Na Bacha > Jiski Tasveer Nigahon Men Liye Baithi Ho > Main Woh Dildaar Nahin, Uski Hoon Khamosh Chita > (Jane Kya...) > > Zindagi Hanske Guzarti To Bahut Achha Tha > Khair Hanske Na Sahi Roke Guzar Jayegi > Raakh Barbaad Mohabbat Ki Bacha Rakkhi Hai > Baar-Baar Isko Jo Chheda To Bikhar Jayegi > (Jane Kya...) > > -this is my favorite stanza- > > Aarzoo Jurm, Wafa Jurm, Tamanna Hai Gunaah (2X) > Yeh Woh Duniya Hai Jahan Pyar Nahin Ho Sakta > Kaise Baazaar Ka Dastoor Tumhen Samjhaoon > Bik Gaya Jo Woh Khareedaar Nahin Ho Sakta > > Bik Gaya Jo, Woh Khareedaar Nahin Ho Sakta... > ............................................................................ > GHALIB - GHAZALS > ............................................................................ > > > A note on pronunciation > ----------------------- > > (a) Vowel pronunciation key. > > 'a' as 'u' in cut > 'aa' as 'a' in car > 'i' as 'i' in fit > 'ee' as 'ee' in feel > 'u' as 'u' in put > 'oo' as 'oo' in pool > 'e' as 'e' in bed > 'ai' as 'ei' in neighbour > 'o' as 'o' in mode > 'au' as 'ow' in how > > (b) Words ending with an 'a' should be pronounced as 'a' in 'car'. > > Examples : 'kya' = what > 'nateeja' = result > > (c) Guttural sounds (capital letters) : > > Examples : 'GH' as in 'GHam' = sorrow > 'KH' as in 'KHayaal' = thought > > (d) Use of 'N' for nasal sounds : > > Examples : 'maiN' = me > 'meiN' = in > 'aasmaaN' = sky > > (e) Note the distinction in usage between : > > (i) 'i' and 'ee' > > Examples : 'nigaah' = sight > 'nishaan' = mark/sign > 'teer' = arrow > 'hakeem' = physician/doctor > > (ii) 'k' and 'q' > > Examples : 'shauq' = fondness/desire > 'qaabil' = worthy > 'kamar' = waist > 'KHaak' = dust/ashes > > (iii) small and capital letters > > Examples : 't' as 't' in with > 'T' as 't' in metal > > ........................................................................... > > > 1. har ek baat pe kehte ho tum ke 'too kya hai' ? > tumheeN kaho ke yeh andaaz-e-guftgoo kya hai ? > > [ guftgoo = conversation ] > > 2. na shole meiN yeh karishma na barq meiN yeh ada > koee batao ki woh shoKH-e-tund_KHoo kya hai ? > > [ barq = lightning, tund = sharp/angry, KHoo = behavior ] > > 3. yeh rashk hai ki wo hota hai ham_suKHan tumse > wagarna KHauf-e-bad_aamozi-e-adoo kya hai ? > > [ rashk = jealousy, ham_suKHan = to speak together/to agree, > KHauf = fear, bad = bad/wicked, aamozee = education/teaching, > adoo = enemy ] > > 4. chipak raha hai badan par lahoo se pairaahan > hamaaree jeb ko ab haajat-e-rafoo kya hai ? > > [ pairaahan = shirt/robe/cloth, haajat = need/necessity, > rafoo = mending/darning ] > > 5. jalaa hai jicm jahaaN dil bhee jal gaya hoga > kuredate ho jo ab raakh, justjoo kya hai ? > > [ justjoo = desire ] > > 6. ragoN meiN dauDte firne ke ham naheeN qaayal > jab aaNkh hee se na Tapka to fir lahoo kya hai ? > > 7. woh cheez jiske liye hamko ho bahisht azeez > siwaay baada-e-gul_faam-e-mushkaboo kya hai ? > > [ bahisht (or bihisht, both are correct) = heaven, baada = wine, > gul_faam = delicate and fragrant like flowers, mushkaboo = like > the smell of musk ] > > 8. piyooN sharaab agar KHum bhee dekh looN do chaar > yeh sheesha-o-qadah-o-kooza-o-suboo kya hai ? > > [ KHum = wine barrel, qadah = goblet, kooza/suboo = wine pitcher ] > > 9. rahee na taaqat-e-guftaar, aur agar ho bhee > to kis ummeed pe kahiye ke aarzoo kya hai ? > > [ guftaar = speech/discourse ] > > 10. huaa hai shaah ka musaahib, fire hai itaraata > wagarna shehar meiN 'GHalib' kee aabroo kya hai ? > > [ musaahib = comrade/associate ] > > ............................................................................ > > > 1. husn-e-mah, garche ba_haNgaam-e-kamaal achcha hai > us'se mera mah-e-KHursheed-e-jamaal achcha hai > > [ mah = moon, KHursheed = sun, jamaal = beauty ] > > 2. bosa dete naheeN aur dil pe hai har lahja nigaah > jee meiN kehte haiN, muft aaye to maal achcha hai > > [ bosa = kiss ] > > 3. aur baazaar se le aaye agar TooT gaya > saaGHar-e-jam se mera jaam-e-sifaal achcha hai > > [ saaGHar-e-jam = Badshah Jamshed's cup, jaam-e-sifaal = clay cup ] > > 4. be_talab daiN to maza usme siwa milta hai > woh gada jisko na ho KHoo-e-sawaal achcha hai > > [ be_talab = without any enquiry, gada = beggar, KHoo = habit ] > > 5. unke dekhe se jo aa jaatee hai muNh par raunaq > woh samajhte haiN ke beemaar ka haal achcha hai > > 6. dekhiye paate haiN ushshaaq butoN se kya faiz ? > ik birahaman ne kaha hai, ke yeh saal achcha hai > > [ ushshaaq = lovers, faiz = profit ] > > 7. ham_suKHan teshe ne farhaad ko sheereeN se kiya > jis tarah ka bhee kisee meiN ho kamaal achcha hai > > [ ham_suKHan = together, tesha = axe ] > > 8. qatra dariya meiN jo mil jaaye to dariya ho jaaye > kaam achchaa hai woh, jiska ma'aal achcha hai > > [ ma'aal = result ] > > 9. KHijr SultaaN ko rakhe KHaaliq-e-akbar sar_sabz > shaah ke baaGH meiN yeh taaza nihaal achcha hai > > [ KHijr SultaaN = one of Badshah Zafar's son, KHaaliq = The Creator/ > God, akbar = greatest, sar_sabz = fertile, nihaal = tree ] > > 10. hamko ma'aloom hai jannat ki haqeeqat lekin > dil ke KHush rakhne ko, 'GHalib' yeh KHayaal achcha hai > > ........................................................................... > > > 1. GHair leiN mehfil meiN bose jaam ke > ham rahaiN yooN tishna_lab paiGHaam ke > > [ bosa = kiss, tishna = thirsty ] > > 2. KHastagee ka tumse kya shikwa ki ye > hathkanDe haiN charKH-e-neelee_faam ke > > [ KHastagee = injury/sickness, shikawa = complaint, > hathkanDe = tactics, charKH = sky, neelee_faam = blue colour/ > complexion ] > > 3. KHat likhenge garche matlab kuchch na ho > ham to aashiq haiN tumhaare naam ke > > 4. raat pee zamzam pe mai aur subh_dam > dhoye dhab'be jaam-e-'eharaam ke > > [ zamzam = a well in Kaba whose water is considered holy, > mai = wine, subh_dam = at dawn, 'eharaam = dress for 'haj' ] > > 5. dil ko aaNkhoN ne fasaaya kya magar > ye bhee halqe haiN tumhaare daam ke > > [ halqa = ring/circle, daam = net/trap ] > > 6. shaah ke haiN GHusl-e-sehat ko KHabar > dekhiye kab din fireiN hammaam ke > > [ GHusl = bath, sehat = health, hammaam = a hot bath where a masseur > gives massage and bath ] > > 7. ishq ne 'GHalib' nikamma kar diya > warna ham bhee aadmee the; kaam ke > > ............................................................................. > > > 1. naqsh fariyaadee hai kiskee shoKHee-e-tehreer ka > kaaGHazee hai pairhan har paikar-e-tasweer ka > > [ naqsh = copy/print, fariyaad = complaint, tehreer = hand > writing, kaaGHazee = delicate, pairhan = dress, > paikar = appearance ] > > 2. kaave-kaave saKHt_jaanee haay tanhaaee na pooch > subah karna shaam ka laana hai joo-e-sheer ka > > [ kaave-kaave = hard work, saKHt_jaanee = tough life, > joo = canal/stream, sheer = milk, joo-e-sheer = to create a > canal of milk, here means to perform an impossible task ] > > 3. jazba-e-be_iKHtiyaar-e-shauq dekha chaahiye > seena-e-shamsheer se baahar hai dam shamsheer ka > > [ iKHtiyaar = authority/power, shamsheer = sword ] > > 4. aagahee daam-e-shuneedan jis qadar chaahe bichaaye > mudda'a 'anqa hai apne aalam-e-taqreer ka > > [ aagahee = knowledge/intution, daam = net/trap, > shuneed = conversation, 'anqa = rare, aalam = world/universe, > taqreer = speech/discourse ] > > 5. bus ke hooN 'GHalib' aseeree meiN bhee aatish zer-e-pa > moo-e-aatish_deeda hai halqa meree zanjeer ka > > [ aseeree = imprisonment/captivity, zer-e-pa = under the feet, > moo = hair, aatish_deeda = roasted on fire, halqa = ring/circle ] > > ............................................................................ > > > 1. kabhee nekee bhee uske jee meiN gar aa jaaye hai mujhse > jafaayeN karke apnee yaad sharma jaaye hai mujhse > > [ jafaayeN = opression/tyranny of a beloved ] > > 2. KHudaaya ! jazbaa-e-dil kee magar taaseer ulTee hai > ki jitna khiNtchataa hooN aur khiNtchtaa jaaye hai mujhse > > [ jazbaa-e-dil = emotions, taaseer = impression ] > > 3. woh bad_KHoo aur meree daastan-e-ishq tulaanee > ibaarat muKHtasar, qaasid bhee ghabra jaaye hai mujhse > > [ bad_KHoo = bad habits, tulaanee = long, ibaarat = diction/ > admonishing, muKHtasar = concise, qaasid = messenger ] > > 4. udhar woh bad_GHumaanee hai, idhar yeh naatavaanee hai > na poocha jaaye hai us'se, na bola jaaye hai mujhse > > [ badGHumaanee = suspicion, naatavaanee = weakness ] > > 5. sambhalne de mujhe 'ei na_ummidee kya qayaamat hai > ki daamaan-e-KHayaal-e-yaar chooTa jaaye hai mujhse > > 6. takalluf bartaraf nazzaaragee meiN bhee sahi, lekin > woh dekha jaaye, kab ye zulm dekha jaaye hai mujhse > > [ taqalluf = hesitation/formality, bartaraf = suspend ] > > 7. hue haiN paaNv hee pehle nabard-e-ishq meiN zaKHmee > na bhaaga jaaye hai mujhse, na Thehra jaaye hai mujhse > > [ nabard-e-ishaq = struggle in love ] > > 8. qayaamat hai ke howe muddaee ka ham_safar 'GHalib' > woh kaafir, jo KHuda ko bhee na sauNpa jaaye hai mujhse > > > ....................................................................... > > > 1. dil se teree nigaah jigar tak utar gayee > donoN ko ik adaa meiN razaamand kar gayee > > 2. shaq ho gaya hai seena, KHushee lazzat-e-firaaq > takleef-e-pardaadaari-e-zaKHm-e-jigar gayee > > [ shaq = crack/split, firaaq = separation, > pardaadaaree = to hide, esp. fault ] > > 3. woh baada-e-shabaana kee sar mastiyaaN kahaaN ? > uThiye bas ab ki lazzat-e-KHwaab-e-sahar gayee > > [ baada = wine, shabaana = night, sahar = morning ] > > 4. uDtee fire hai KHaak meree koo-e-yaar se > baare ab 'ei hawa, hawas-e- baal-o-par gayee > > [ baare = at last, koo-e-yaar = lover's street ] > > 5. dekhooN to dil_farebi-e-andaaz-e-naqsh-e-pa > mauj-e-KHiraam-e-yaar bhee kya gul katar gayee > > [ dil_fareb = heart alluring, naqsh = copy/print, pa = leg, > mauj = wave/enjoyment, KHiraam = speed ] > > 6. har bulhawas ne husn_parastee shiaar kee > ab aabru-e-sheva-e-'ehl-e-nazar gayee > > [ bulhawas = greedy, husn_parastee = to appreciate beauty, > shiaar = habit, aabru = respect/honour, sheva = manner/habit ] > > 7. nazzaare ne bhee kaam kiya waaN naqaab ka > mastee se har nigaah tere ruKH par bikhar gayee > > 8. farda-o-dee ka tafarqa yak baar mit gaya > kal tum gaye ke ham pe qayaamat guzar gayee > > [ farda = yesterday, dee = tomorrow, tafarqa = difference ] > > 9. maara zamaane ne 'Asadullah KHaaN' tumhe > woh walwale kahaaN, woh jawaanee kidhar gayee ? > > [ walwale = enthusiasm ] > > ...................................................................... > > 1. miltee hai KHoo-e-yaar se naar iltihaab meiN > kaafir hooN gar na miltee ho raahat 'azaab meiN > > [ KHoo-e-yaar = lover's nature/behavior/habit, naar = fire, > iltihaab = flame, 'azaab = sorrow ] > > 2. kab se hooN, kya bataaooN jahaan-e-KHaraab meiN ? > shab haaye hijr ko bhee rakhooN gar hisaab meiN > > [ jahaan-e-KHaraab = world of problems, shab = night, > hijr = separation ] > > 3. taa fir na intezaar meiN neeNd aaye 'umr bhar > aane ka 'ahad kar gaye aaye jo KHwaab meiN > > [ taa = so that, 'ahad = promise ] > > 4. qaasid ke aate-aate KHat ik aur likh rakhooN > maiN jaanta hooN jo woh likhenge jawaab meiN > > [ qaasid = messenger ] > > 5. mujh tak kab unkee bazm meiN aata tha daur-e-jaam > saaqee ne kuchch mila na diya ho sharaab meiN > > [ bazm = meeting/"mehafil", saaqee = bar tender ] > > 6. jo munkir-e-wafa ho fareb us pe kya chale ? > kyooN badGHumaaN hooN dost se dushman ke baab meiN ? > > [ munkir-e-wafa = one who denies loyalty, fareb = illusion/fraud > badGHumaaN = suspicious, baab = company ] > > 7. maiN muztarib hooN wasl meiN KHauf-e-raqeeb se > Daala hai tumko weham ne kis pech-o-taab meiN > > [ muztarib = anxious/disturbed, wasl = meeting with the lover, > KHauf = fear, raqeeb = opponent, pech-o-taab = predicament ] > > 8. mai aur haz'z-e-wasl, KHudaa_saaz baat hai > jaaN nazr denee bhool gaya iztiraab meiN > > [ mai = bar, haz'z-e-wasl = joy of meeting, KHudaa_saaz = god's gift, > iztiraab = anxiety ] > > 9. hai tevaree chaDee huee andar naqaab ke > hai ik shikan paDee huee tarf-e-naqaab meiN > > [ shikan = wrinkle, tarf = eyelid ] > > 10. laakhauN lagaav, ik churaana nigaah ka > laakhauN banaav, ik bigaaDna itaab meiN > > [ itaab = anger ] > > 11. woh naala_dil meiN KHas ke baraabar jagah na paaye > jis naale se shigaaf paDe aaftaab meiN > > [ naala_dil = crying heart, KHas = hay/grass, shigaaf = crack, > aaftaab = sun/face ] > > 12. woh sehar muddaa talbee meiN na kaam aaye > jis sehar se safina ravaaN ho saraab meiN > > [ sehar = magic, muddaa talbee = fulfillment of a desire, > safina = boat, ravaaN = move, saraab = mirage ] > > 13. 'GHalib' chutee sharaab, par ab bhee kabhee-kabhee > peeta hooN roz-e-abr -o- shab-e-maahtaab meiN > > [ abr = clouds, roz-e-abr = cloudy day, maahtaab = moon ] > > ....................................................................... > > > 1. daayam paDa huaa tere dar par naheeN hooN maiN > KHaak 'eisee zindagee pe ke patthar naheeN hooN maiN > > [ daayam = always ] > > 2. kyooN gardish-e-mudaam se ghabra na jaaye dil ? > insaan hooN, pyaala-o-saaGHar naheeN hooN maiN > > [ gardish = bad time/luck, mudaam = always ] > > 3. yaarab ! zamaana mujhko miTaata hai kis liye ? > loh-e-jahaaN pe harf-e-muqarrar naheeN hooN maiN > > [ harf = alphabet, muqarrar = again ] > > 4. had chaahiye saza meiN uqoobat ke waaste > aaKHir gunaahagaar hooN, kaafir naheeN hooN maiN > > [ uqoobat = pain ] > > 5. kis waaste 'azeez naheeN jaante mujhe ? > laal-o-zumarrud-o-zar-o-gauhar naheeN hooN maiN > > [ laal = a kind of gem, zumurrud = green colored gem, > zar = gold, gauhar = gem ] > > 6. rakhte ho tum qadam meree aaNkhoN se kya dareGH > rutbe meiN mehar-o-maah se kamtar naheeN hooN maiN > > [ dareGH = regret/grief, mehar = sun, maah = moon ] > > 7. karte ho mujhko man'a-e-qadam_bos kis liye ? > kya aasmaan ke bhee baraabar naheeN hooN maiN ? > > [ bosa = kiss ] > > 8. 'GHalib' wazifaa_KHwaar ho, do shaah ko duaa > woh din gaye ki kehte the;, "naukar naheeN hooN maiN" > > [ wazifaa_KHawaar = pensioner ] > > ...................................................................... > > > 1. dil-e-naadaaN tujhe huaa kya hai ? > aaKHir is dard kee dawa kya hai > > 2. ham haiN mushtaaq aur woh bezaar > ya ilaahee ! yeh maajra kya hai ? > > [ mushtaaq = interested, bezaar = displeased/sick of ] > > 3. maiN bhee muNh meiN zabaan rakhta hooN > kaash ! poocho ki "muddaa kya hai" ? > > 4. jab ki tujh bin naheeN koee maujood > fir ye hangaama, 'ei KHuda ! kya hai > > 5. ye paree chehara log kaise haiN ? > GHamza-o-ishwa-o-'adaa kya hai ? > > [ paree chehara = angel faced, GHamza = amorous glance, > ishwa = coquetry ] > > 6. shikan-e-zulf-e-ambaree kyoN hai ? > nigah-e-chashm-e-soorma sa kya hai ? > > [ shikan = wrinkel/fold, ambaree = fragrance, chashm = eye ] > > 7. sabja-o-gul kahaaN se aaye haiN ? > abr kya cheez hai, hawa kya hai ? > > [ abr = clouds ] > > 8. hamko unse wafa ki hai ummeed > jo naheeN jaante wafa kya hai > > 9. "haaN bhala kar tera bhala hoga" > aur darvesh kee sada kya hai ? > > [ darvesh = beggar, sada = voice ] > > 10. jaan tum par nisaar karta hooN > maiN naheeN jaanata duaa kya hai > > 11. maiNe maana ki kuchch naheeN 'GHalib' > muft haath aaye to bura kya hai ? > > .......................................................................... > > > 1. woh aake KHwaab meiN taskeen-e-iztiraab to de > wale mujhe tapish-e-dil, mazaal-e-KHwaab to de > > [ taskeen = satisfaction, iztiraab = anxiety, tapish = burn/passion, > mazaal = strength ] > > 2. kare hai qatl lagaawat meiN tera ro dena > teree tarah koee teGH-e-nigah ko aab to de > > [ lagaawat = affection, tegh = sword, aab = cool ] > > 3. dikhaake jumbish-e-lab hee tamaam kar hamko > na de jo bosa, to muNh se kaheeN jawaab to de > > [ jumbish = motion/vibration, bosa = kiss ] > > 4. pila de oak se saaqee jo hamse nafrat hai > pyaala gar naheeN deta na de, sharaab to de > > [ oak = palm of the hand contracted so as to hold water ] > > 5. 'Asad' KHushee se mere haath paaNv phool gaye > kaha jo usne zara mere paaNv daab to de > > .......................................................................... > > > 1. ghar jab bana liya hai tere dar par kahe baGHair > jaanega ab bhee too na mera ghar kahe baGHair > > 2. kehte haiN, jab rahee na mujhe taaqat-e-suKHan > jaanooN kisee ke dil ki maiN kyoNkar kahe baGHair > > [ taaqat-e-suKHan = strength to speak ] > > 3. kaam us'se aa paDa hai ki jiska jahaan meiN > lewe na koee naam 'sitamgar' kahe baGHair > > [ sitamgar = oppressor ] > > 4. jee meiN hee kuchch naheeN hai hamaare, wagarna ham > sar jaaye ya rahe, na rahaiN par kahe baGHair > > 5. choDooNga maiN na us but-e-kaafir ka poojna > choDe na KHalq go mujhe kaafir kahe baGHair > > [ but = idol/lover, KHalq = world ] > > 6. maqsad hai naaz-o-GHamza, wale guftagoo meiN kaam > chalta naheeN hai, dashna-o-KHanjar kahe baGHair > > [ GHamza = amorous glance, dashna = dagger ] > > 7. har chand ho mushaahit-e-haq ki guftagoo > bantee naheeN hai baada-o-saaGHar kahe baGHair > > [ mushaahit = God, baada = wine ] > > 8. behra hooN maiN to chaahiye doona ho iltafaat > sunta naheeN hooN baat muqarrar kahe baGHair > > [ iltafaat = mercy, muqarrar = again ] > > 9. 'GHalib' na kar huzoor meiN too baar-baar 'arz > zaahir hai tera haal sab un par kahe baGHair > > ........................................................................... > > > 1. shauq har rang raqeeb-e-sar-o-saamaaN niklaa > qais tasveer ke parde meiN bhee uriyaaN niklaa > > [ raqeeb = opponent, sar-o-saamaaN = with belongings, > qais = 'majanooN', uriyaaN = nude ] > > 2. zaKHm ne daad na dee, tangee-e-dil ki yaarab ! > teer bhee seena-e-bismil se par_afshaaN niklaa > > [ daad = justice, seena-e-bismil = wounded heart, par = wings, > afshaaN = rattle ] > > 3. boo-e-gul, naala-e-dil, dood-e-charaaGH-e-mehfil > jo teree bazm se nikla, so parishaaN niklaa > > [ boo = fragrance, gul = flower, naalaa = cry, dood = smoke, esp. > from a lamp that's been extinguished ] > > 4. thee nau_aamoz_fana'a himmat-e-dushwaar_pasand > saKHt mushkil hai ki yah kaam bhee aasaaN nikla > > [ nau_aamoz = beginner, dushwaar = difficult ] > > 5. dil meiN fir giryaaN ne ik shor uThaaya 'GHalib' > aah jo qatra na nikla tha, so toofaaN nikla > > [ giryaaN = weeping, qatra = drop ] > > ........................................................................... > > > 1. 'arz-e-niyaaz-e-ishq ke qaabil naheeN raha > jis dil pe naaz tha mujhe wo dil naheeN raha > > [ niyaaz = desire/an offering ] > > 2. jaata hooN daaGH-e-hasarat-e-hastee liye hue > hooN shamma'a_kushta darKHur-e-mehfil naheeN raha > > [ hastee = life/existence, shamma'a_kushta = extinguished lamp, > darKHur = worthy ] > > 3. marne ki 'ei dil aur hee tadabeer kar ki maiN > shaayaan-e-dast-o-baazu-e-qaatil naheeN rahaa > > [ tadabeer = solution/remedy, shaayaan = worthy, dast = hand, > baazoo = shoulder ] > > 4. bararoo-e-shash jihat dar-e-aaina_baaz hai > yaaN imtiaz-e-naakis-o-qaamil naheeN rahaa > > [ bararoo = in front, shash = six, jihat = direction, > imtiaz = distinction, naakis = cunning, qaamil = intelligent ] > > 5. waa kar diye haiN shauq ne band-e-naqaab-e-husn > GHair_az nigaah ab koee haayal naheeN raha > > [ waa = open, GHair_az = other than, haayal = obstacle ] > > 6. go maiN raha, rahee na sitam haaye rozgaar > lekin tere KHayaal se GHaafil naheeN raha > > [ sitam = oppression, GHaafil = unaware/careless ] > > 7. dil se hawa-e-kisht-e-wafa miT gayee ki waaN > haasil siwaay hasrat-e-haasil naheeN raha > > 8. bedaad-e-ishq se naheeN Darta magar 'Asad' > jis dil pe naaz tha mujhe wo dil naheeN raha > > [ bedaad = injustice ] > > ............................................................................ > > > 1. na tha kuchch to KHuda tha, kuchch na hota to KHuda hota > duboya mujhko hone ne, na hota maiN to kya hota ? > > 2. huaa jab GHam se yooN behis to GHam kya sar ke kaTne ka > na hota gar juda tan se to zaanooN par dhaRa hota > > [ behis = shocked/stunned, zaanooN = knee ] > > 3. huee muddat ke 'GHalib' mar gaya par yaad aata hai > wo har ek baat pe kehana, ke yooN hota to kya hota ? > > [ muddat = duration/period ] > > ............................................................................ > > 1. hazaaroN KHwahishaiN 'eisee ke har KHwahish pe dam nikle > bohot nikle mere armaaN lekin fir bhee kam nikle > > 2. Dare kyooN mera qaatil kya rahega uskee gardan par > wo KHooN, jo chashm-e-tar se 'umr bhar yooN dam_ba_dam nikle > > [ KHooN = blood, chashm = eye, tar = wet, dam_ba_dam = continously ] > > 3. nikalna KHuld se aadam ka sunte aayaiN haiN lekin > bohot be_aabru hokar tere kooche se ham nikle > > [ KHuld = heaven, be_aabaru = disgrace, koocha = street ] > > 4. bharam khul jaaye zaalim tere qaamat ki daraazee ka > agar is turra-e-pur_pech-o-KHam ka pech-o-KHam nikle > > [ daraazee = length/delay, qaamat = stature, turra = an ornamental > tassel worn in the turban, pech-o-KHam = curls in the > hair/complexity ] > > 5. magar likhwaaye koee usko KHat, to hamse likhawaaye > huee subah aur ghar se kaan par rakhkar qalam nikle > > 6. huee is daur meiN mansoob mujhse baada_aashaamee > fir aaya wo zamaana, jo jahaaN se jaam-e-jam nikle > > [ mansoob = association, baada_aashaamee = association with > drinking ] > > 7. huee jinse tavaqqo KHastagee kee daad paane kee > wo hamse bhee ziyaada KHasta-e-teGH-e-sitam nikle > > [ tavaqqo = expectation, KHastagee = weakness, daad = justice, > KHasta = broken/sick/injured, teGH = sword, sitam = cruelity ] > > 8. mohabbat meiN naheeN hai farq jeene aur marne kaa > usee ko dekh kar jeete haiN jis kaafir pe dam nikle > > 9. zara kar jor seene par ki teer-e-pursitam nikle > jo wo nikle to dil nikle, jo dil nikle to dam nikle > > 10. KHuda ke waaste parda na kaabe se uThaa zaalim > kaheeN 'eisa na ho yaaN bhee wohee kaafir sanam nikle > > 11. kahaaN maiKHaane ka darwaaza 'GHalib' aur kahaaN waaiz > par itana jaante haiN kal wo jaata tha ke ham nikle > > [ waaiz = preacher/advisor ] > > ......................................................................... > > > 1. ye jo ham hijr meiN deewaar-o-dar ko dekhte haiN > kabhee saba ko kabhee naamaabar ko dekhte haiN > > [ hijr = separation, dar = door, saba = wind, > naamaabar = messanger ] > > 2. woh aaye ghar meiN hamaare KHuda ki kudrat hai > kabhee ham unko, kabhee apane ghar ko dekhte haiN > > 3. nazar lage na kaheeN uske dast-o-baazoo ko > ye log kyoN mere zaKHm-e-jigar ko dekhtaiN haiN ? > > [ dast-o-baazoo = hands & shoulders ] > > 4. tere jawaahir-e-tarf-e-kulah ko kya dekhaiN ? > ham auj-e-taal'a-e-laal-o-guhar ko dekhte haiN > > [ jawaahir = jewels, tarf = golden belt, kulah = crown, > auj = height/position, taal'a = luck, laal-o-guhar = diamonds > & pearls ] > > .......................................................................... > > > 1. koee din gar zindagaanee aur hai > apne jee meiN hamne THaanee aur hai > > 2. aatish-e-dozaKH meiN ye garmee kahaaN > soz-e-GHam haay nihaanee aur hai > > [ dozaKH = hell, soz = passion/heat, nihaanee = internal/hidden ] > > 3. baarha dekhee haiN unkee ranjishaiN > par kuchch ab ke sar_giraanee aur hai > > [ sar_giraanee = pride ] > > 4. deke KHat muNh dekhta hai naamabar > kuchch to paiGHaam-e-zabaanee aur hai > > [ naamabar = messenger ] > > 5. qaata-e-'amaar hai aksar nujoom > woh balaa-e-aasmaanee aur hai > > [ qaata-e-'amaar = killers, nujoom = stars, > balaa-e-aasmaanee = natural calamity ] > > 6. ho chukeeN 'GHalib' balaayeN sab tamaam > ek marg-e-naagahaanee aur hai > > [ balaayeN = calamities, marg = death, naagahaanee = sudden/ > accidental ] > > ............................................................................. > > > 1. aah ko chaahiye ik 'umr asar hone tak > kaun jeeta hai teree zulf ke sar hone tak ? > > 2. daam har mauj meiN hai halqa-e-sad_kaam-e-nahaNg > dekhaiN kya guzre hai qatre pe guhar hone tak > > [ daam = net/trap, mauj = wave, halqa = ring/circle, sad = hundred, > nahaNg = crocadile, sad_kaam-e-nahaNg = crocadile with a hundred > jaws, guhar = pearl ] > > 3. aashiqee sabr talab aur tamanna betaab > dil ka kya rang karooN KHoon-e-jigar hone tak ? > > [ sabr = patience, talab = search ] > > 4. ham ne maana ke taGHaful na karoge, lekin > KHaak ho jaayeNge ham tumko KHabar hone tak > > [ taGHaful = neglect/ignore ] > > 5. partav-e-khur se hai shabnam ko fana'a ki taaleem > maiN bhee hooN ik inaayat ki nazar hone tak > > [ partav-e-khur = sun's reflection/light/image, shabnam = dew, > fana'a = mortality, inaayat = favour ] > > 6. yak_nazar besh naheeN fursat-e-hastee GHaafil > garmi-e-bazm hai ik raqs-e-sharar hone tak > > [ besh = too much/lots, fursat-e-hastee = duration of life, > GHaafil = careless, raqs = dance, sharar = flash/fire ] > > 7. GHam-e-hastee ka 'Asad' kis'se ho juz marg ilaaz > shamma'a har rang meiN jaltee hai sahar hone tak > > [ hastee = life/existence, juz = other than, marg = death, > sahar = morning ] > > ............................................................................ > > > 1. meherabaaN hoke bula lo mujhe chaaho jis waqt > maiN gaya waqt naheeN hooN ke fir aa bhee na sakooN > > 2. zauf meiN taana-e-aGHayaar ka shikawa kya hai ? > baat kuchch sar to naheeN hai ke uTha bhee na sakooN > > [ zauf = weakness, taana = taunt, aGHayaar = enemy, > shikawa = complaint ] > > 3. zehar milta hee naheeN mujhko sitamgar, warana > kya qasam hai tere milne kee, ke kha bhee na sakooN > > [ sitamgar = oppressor ] > > ......................................................................... > > > 1. baazeechaa-e-atfaal hai duniya mere aage > hota hai shab-o-roz tamaasha mere aage > > [ baazeechaa = play/sport, atfaal = children ] > > 2. ik khel hai auraNg-e-sulemaaN mere nazdeek > ik baat hai 'eijaz-e-maseeha mere aage > > [ auraNg = throne, 'eijaz = miracle ] > > 3. juz naam naheeN soorat-e-aalam mujhe manzoor > juz waham naheeN hastee-e-ashiya mere aage > > [ juz = other than, aalam = world, hastee = existence, > ashiya = things/items ] > > 4. hota hai nihaaN gard meiN sehara mere hote > ghisata hai jabeeN KHaak pe dariya mere aage > > [ nihaaN = hidden, gard = dust, sehara = desert, jabeeN = forehead ] > > 5. mat pooch ke kya haal hai mera tere peeche ? > too dekh ke kya rang tera mere aage > > 6. sach kahte ho, KHudbeen-o-KHud_aaraa na kyoN hooN ? > baiTha hai but-e-aainaa_seemaa mere aage > > [ KHudbeen = proud/arrogant, KHud_aaraa = self adorer, > but = beloved, aainaa_seemaa = like the face of a mirror ] > > 7. fir dekhiye andaaz-e-gul_afshaani-e-guftaar > rakh de koee paimaanaa-o-sahba mere aage > > [ gul_afshaanee = to scatter flowers, guftaar = speech/discourse, > sahaba = wine, esp. red wine ] > > 8. nafrat ka gumaaN guzare hai, maiN rashk se guzaraa > kyoN kar kahooN, lo naam na uska mere aage > > [ gumaaN = doubt, rashk = envy ] > > 9. imaaN mujhe roke hai jo khiNche hai mujhe kufr > ka'aba mere peeche hai kaleesa mere aage > > [ kufr = impiety, kaleesa = church/cathedral ] > > 10. aashiq hooN, pe maashooq_farebee hai mera kaam > majnooN ko bura kehti hai laila mere aage > > [ farebee = a fraud/cheat ] > > 11. KHush hote haiN par wasl meiN yoN mar naheeN jaate > aayee shab-e-hijaraaN ki tamanna mere aage > > [ hijr = separation ] > > 12. hai mauj_zan ik qulzum-e-KHooN, kaash, yahee ho > aata hai abhee dekhiye kya-kya mere aage > > [ mauj_zan = exciting, qulzum = sea, KHooN = blood ] > > 13. go haath ko jumbish naheeN aaNhoN meiN to dam hai > rehne do abhee saaGHar-o-meena mere aage > > [ jumbish = movement/vibration, saaGHar-o-meena = goblet ] > > 14. ham_pesha-o-ham_masharb-o-ham_raaz hai mera > 'GHalib' ko bura kyoN kaho achchaa mere aage ! > > [ ham_pesha = of the same profession, ham_masharb = of the > same habits/a fellow boozer, ham_raaz = confidant ] > > .......................................................................... > > > 1. fir kuchch is dil ko beqaraaree hai > seena zoya-e-zaKHm-e-kaaree hai > > [ zoya = searcher, zaKHm-e-kaaree = deep wound ] > > 2. fir jigar khodane laga naaKHun > aamad-e-fasl-e-laala_qaaree hai > > [ aamad = arrival, fasl = season/harvest ] > > 3. qibla-e-maqsad-e-nigaah-e-niyaaz > fir wahee parda-e-'amaaree hai > > [ niyaaz = desire, 'amaaree = rider's seat with a canopy on an > elephant or camel ] > > 4. chashm-e-dallaal -e- jins-e-ruswaaee > dil KHareedaar-e-zauq-e-KHwaaree hai > > [ chashm = eye, jins = things/items, zauq = taste ] > > 5. wohee sad_rang naala farsaayee > wohee sad_goona ashq_baaree hai > > [ sad = hundred, naala farsaayee = lamenter, sad_goona = hundred > times, ashq_baaree = lamentation ] > > 6. dil hawa-e-KHiraam-e-naaz se fir > mahshristaan-e-beqaraaree hai > > [ KHiraam = speed, mahshar = the last day/"qayaamat ka din", > mahshristaan = place of the last day ] > > 7. jalwa fir arz-e-naaz karta hai > roz-e-baazaar-e-jaaN_sipaaree hai > > [ jalwa = splendour, jaaN_sipaaree = resigning one's life into > the hands of another ] > > 8. fir usee bewafa pe marte haiN > fir wohee zindagee hamaaree hai > > 9. fir khula hai dar-e-adaalat-e-naaz > garm baazaar-e-fauj_daaree hai > > [ dar = abode, fauj_daaree = military court ] > > 10. ho raha hai jahaan meiN andher > zulf kee fir sarishta_daaree hai > > [ sarishta_daaree = a regulator's position ] > > 11. fir kiya paara-e-jigar ne sawaal > ek fariyaad-o-aah-o-zaaree hai > > [ paara = fragment ] > > 12. fir hue haiN gawaah-e-ishq talab > ashq_baaree ka hukm_zaaree hai > > [ talab = search/desire/request, ashq_baaree = lamentation ] > > 13. dil-o-mizhgaaN ka jo muqadamaa tha > aaj fir uskee roob_qaaree hai > > [ mizhgaaN = eyelids, roob_qaaree = to put the mind into work ] > > 14. be_KHudee be_sabab naheeN 'GHalib' > kuchch to hai jiskee pardaadaaree hai > > [ be_KHudee = rapture, be_sabab = without any reason, > pardaadaaree = to hide, esp. fault ] > > .......................................................................... > > > 1. rone se aur ishq meiN be_baak ho gaye > dhoye gaye ham 'eise ki bas paak ho gaye > > [ be_baak = outspoken/bold, paak = pure/clean/holy ] > > 2. sarf-e-baha-e-mai hue aalaat-e-maikashee > the; ye hee do hisaab, so yoN paak ho gaye > > [ sarf = expenditure, baha = value/price, mai = bar, > aalaat = instruments/apparatus, maikashee = boozing ] > > 3. ruswa-e-dahar go hue aawaargee se tum > baare tabeeyatoN ke to chaalaak ho gaye > > [ dahar = world, baare = atlast ] > > 4. kehta hai kaun naala-e-bulbul ko be_asar > parde meiN gul ke laakh jigar chaak ho gaye > > [ chaak = slit/torn ] > > 5. pooche hai kya wujood-o-adam 'ehl-e-shauq ka > aap apnee aag se KHas-o-KHaashaak ho gaye > > [ wujood = existence, adam = non existence, > KHas-o-Khaashaak = destroyed ] > > 6. karne gaye the; usse taGHaaful ka ham gila > kee ek hee nigaah ki bas KHaak ho gaye > > [ taGHaaful = negligence, gila = complaint, KHaak = dust/ashes ] > > 7. is DHang se uTHaayee kal usne 'Asad' ki laash > dushman bhee jisko dekhke GHamnaak ho gaye > > [ GHamnaak = grief stricken ] > > .......................................................................... > > > 1. woh firaaq aur woh wisaal kahaaN ? > woh shab-o-roz-o-maah-o-saal kahaaN ? > > [ firaaq = separation, wisaal = meeting, shab = night, > roz = day, maah = month, saal = year ] > > 2. fursat-e-kaarobaar-e-shauq kise ? > zauq-e-nazzaraa-e-jamaal kahaaN ? > > [ zauq = delight/joy, jamaal = beauty ] > > 3. dil to dil wo dimaaGH bhee na rahaa > shor-e-sauda-e-KHatt-o-KHaal kahaaN ? > > 4. thee woh ik shaKHs ke tasavvur se > ab woh raanaai-e-KHayaal kahaaN ? > > [ tasavvur = imagination, raanaai-e-KHayaal = tender thoughts ] > > 5. 'eisa aasaaN naheeN lahoo rona > dil meiN taaqat jigar meiN haal kahaaN ? > > [ haal = spiritual ecstasy ] > > 6. hamse chooTa qamaar_KHaana-e-ishq > waaN jo jawaiN, girah meiN maal kahaaN ? > > [ qamaar_khaana = casino, girah = knot/joint ] > > 7. fikr-e-duniyaaN meiN sar khapaata hooN > maiN kahaaN aur ye wabaal kahaaN ? > > [ wabaal = calamity ] > > 8. muzmahil ho gaye quwa'a 'GHalib' > wo anaasir meiN 'eitdaal kahaaN ? > > [ muzmahil = exhausted/idle, quwa'a = limbs, anaasir = elements, > 'eitdaal = moderation ] > > ........................................................................ > > > 1. ye na thee hamaaree qismat ke wisaal-e-yaar hota > agar aur jeete rehte yahee ...
Re: Meaning of Ghazal and some ghazals by Ghalib.
Author: gaurav.kolapur@g
Date: Sat, 18 Nov 2017 01:09
Date: Sat, 18 Nov 2017 01:09
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On Thursday, July 21, 1994 at 4:50:27 AM UTC+5:30, Harish Kuram wrote: > I am posting this on request of a netter. This is not my work. I don't > know who the author is. I respect his work. I had saved it in a file and > I am posting this for benefit of all. The song 'Jaane kya doondhthi > rahti....' got interspersed somewhere in the file. My fault. I > apologise for that. Well, I hope you enjoy it. > Harish > > Classical Definition of Ghazal > =============================== > > Ghazal in short, is a collection of Sher's which follow the rules of > 'Matla', 'Maqta', 'Beher', 'Kaafiyaa' and 'Radif'. So to know what > Ghazal is, it's necessary to know what these terms mean. > > To understand these terms easily , we will take an example. > > 1. koi ummid bar nahin aati > koi surat nazar nahin aati > 2. aage aati thi haale dil par hasi > ab kisi baat par nahin aati > 3. hum wahan hain, jahan se humko bhi > kucch hamaari khabar nahin aati > 4. kaabaa kis muh se jaaoge 'Ghalib' > sharm tumko magar nahin aati > > What is a Sher ? > It's a poem of two lines. This definition is deceptively simple. > Please note that, every Sher is a poem in itself ! A Sher does not > need, anything around it, to convey the message. > All the 4 stanzas in our example are independent poems, Sher's. > > > So Ghazal is necessarily a collection of two-line-poems called Sher. > [ So the Rafi solo "rang aur noor ki baaraat kise pesh karu" is NOT > a Ghazal, as every stanza is of 3 lines, and not 2. ] > > What are other restrictions ? Many, and important ones. > [ Any collection of Sher's is not Ghazal. Some good examples are ; the > famous Mukesh song from Yehoodi, "yeh mera deewaanaapan hai" ; and the > title song of "dil apana aur preet parayi". Each stanza in these songs > can be considered as an independent Sher, but they are NOT Ghazal's. > To understand, why, we have to wait till 'Kaafiyaa, 'Radif'. ] > > > What is 'Beher' ? > 'Beher' is the 'meter' of the Sher's. It can be considered as the > length of the Sher. Both the lines in the Sher *MUST* be of > same 'Beher'. And all the Sher's in one Ghazal *MUST* be of the > same 'Beher'. There are 19 (!!) kinds of 'Beher'. But in simple terms, > 'Beher' is categorized in 3 classes. Short, medium, long. > [ The examples in [] are my additions, from Hindi Films. ] > > Small : > ahale dairo-haram reh gaye > tere deewane kam reh gaye > [ Also Talat song, "dil-e-nadan tuze hua kya hai" ] > > Medium : > umr jalwo me basar ho, ye zaruri to nahin > har shab-e-gam ki seher ho, ye zaruri to nahin > [ And by Gulzar, "ruke ruke se kadam, ruk ke baar baar chale" ] > > Long : > ai mere humnashin, chal kahin aur chal, is chaman me ab apanaa guzaaraa nahin > baat hoti gulon ki, to seh lete hum, ab to kaaton pe bhi haq hamaaraa nahin > [ The filmfare winner, "Manzile apani jagah hai" !! Yes ! It IS a Ghazal. > And the Shayar is Prakash Mehra !! surprise , surprise !! ] > > > So Ghazal is a collection of Sher's of SAME 'Beher'. > > > What is 'Radif' ? > In a Ghazal, second line of all the Sher's *MUST* end with the *SAME* > word/s. This repeating common words is the 'Radif' of the Ghazal. > > In our example, the 'Radif' is "nahin aati". > > [ Sometimes, the Ghazal becomes known by its 'Radif'. eg. "jaraa > aahista chal" sung by Pankaj Udhas. On RMIM we all know one Ghazal by > the 'Radif' as "aahista aahista", don't we ? or is it 2 or 3 ? :-) ] > > > What is 'Kaafiyaa' ? > 'Kaafiyaa' is the rhyming pattern which all the words before 'Radif' > *MUST* have. > > In our example the 'Kaafiyaa' is "bar", "nazar", "par", "magar" etc. > This is a necessary requirement. Something which is followed even in > the exceptions to all these rules. > > > So Ghazal is a collection of Sher's of same 'Beher', ending in same > 'Radif' and having same 'Kaafiyaa'. > [ That's the reason, why "yeh mera diwanapan hai" etc. are NOT Ghazals. > There is no common thing which can be called 'Kaafiyaa' and 'Radif'. ] > > What is 'Matla' ? > The first Sher in the Ghazal *MUST* have 'Radif' in its both lines. > This Sher is called 'Matla' of the Ghazal and the Ghazal is usually > known after its 'Matla'. There can be more than one 'Matla' in a > Ghazal. In such a case the second one is called 'Matla-e-saani' or > 'Husn-e-matla'. > In our example, the first Sher is the 'Matla'. > > What is 'Maqta' ? > A Shayar usually has an alias ie. 'takhallus' eg. Mirza Asadullakhan > used 'Ghalib' as his 'takhallus' and is known by that. Other examples > are 'Daag' Dehlvi, 'Mir' Taqi Mir, Said 'Rahi', Ahmed 'Faraz' etc. > There is a Sher in a Ghazal, the last one, which has the Shayar's > 'takhallus' in it. > [ A Shayar, can use the 'Maqta' very intelligently. He can "talk to > himself" like one in our example. I have lots of favourite Sher's > which are 'Maqta' of some Ghazal. Some gems are > koi nam-o-nishan puchhe to ai kaasid bataa denaa, > takhallus 'Daag' hai, aur aahiqon ke dil me rehte hai > and > jab bhi milte hain, to kehte hain, "kaise ho 'Shakil'", > iske aage to koi baat nahin hoti hai > The first one uses the meaning of the 'takhallus' to create the > magic, and the second one is just simple, simply beautiful. ] > > > To summarize, Ghazal is a collection of Sher's (independent two-line > poems), in which there is atleast one 'Matla', one 'Maqta' and all > the Sher's are of same 'Beher' and have the same 'Kaafiyaa' and > 'Radif'. > > EXCEPTIONS AND IMP. POINTS TO NOTE > ================================== > > 1. Ghazal is just a form. It is independent of any language. > eg. in Marathi also, there can be (and there are) good Ghazals. > > 2. Some Ghazal's do NOT have any 'Radif'. Rarely. Such Ghazal's > are called "gair-muraddaf" Ghazal. > > 3. Although, every Sher, should be an independent poem in itself, > it is possible, that all the Sher's are on the same theme. What > famous example can be other than "chupke chupke raat din aasun > bahaanaa yaad hai". > > 4. In modern Urdu poetry, there are lots of Ghazal's which do > NOT follow the restriction of same 'Beher' on both the lines > of Sher. [ My example in 'Maqta', the Sher by Shakil, is one. ] > But even in these Ghazal's, 'Kaafiyaa' and 'Radif' are present. > > 5. The restriction of 'Maqta' is really very loose. Many many > Ghazal's do NOT have any 'Maqta'. [ I think 'Maqta' was used in > the earlier times, as a way to keep the credit. But since this is > traditional, many Ghazal's do have a 'Maqta' just for the sake of it. > Sometimes the name of the Shayar comes unnaturally in the last > Sher of the Ghazal. ] > > > > ------------------------------------------------------------------------- > > > So that's my long essay on Ghazal :-) > I hope it helps in clearing some doubts, and I also hope > that atleast for some, the information was interesting and new. > > - Abhay. > Ghazal rudaad hai naakaamiyon ki, > Ghazal mehrumiyon ki daastaan hai | > Ghazal riste hue zakhmon ka marham, > Ghazal ek chaaraa-e-dard-e-nihan hai | > Ghazal ka husn hi hai, husn-e-aalam, > Ghazal ka noor hi noor-e-jahan hai | > - Jagdish Bhatnagar 'Hayaat' > > > > Jane Kya Dhoondti Rehti Hai Yeh Aankhen Mujh Men > Raakh Ke Dher Men Shola Hai Na Chingari Hai > > Ab Na Woh Pyar Na Us Pyar Ki Yaaden Baaki > Aag Yun Dil Men Lagi Kuchh Na Raha, Kuchh Na Bacha > Jiski Tasveer Nigahon Men Liye Baithi Ho > Main Woh Dildaar Nahin, Uski Hoon Khamosh Chita > (Jane Kya...) > > Zindagi Hanske Guzarti To Bahut Achha Tha > Khair Hanske Na Sahi Roke Guzar Jayegi > Raakh Barbaad Mohabbat Ki Bacha Rakkhi Hai > Baar-Baar Isko Jo Chheda To Bikhar Jayegi > (Jane Kya...) > > -this is my favorite stanza- > > Aarzoo Jurm, Wafa Jurm, Tamanna Hai Gunaah (2X) > Yeh Woh Duniya Hai Jahan Pyar Nahin Ho Sakta > Kaise Baazaar Ka Dastoor Tumhen Samjhaoon > Bik Gaya Jo Woh Khareedaar Nahin Ho Sakta > > Bik Gaya Jo, Woh Khareedaar Nahin Ho Sakta... > ............................................................................ > GHALIB - GHAZALS > ............................................................................ > > > A note on pronunciation > ----------------------- > > (a) Vowel pronunciation key. > > 'a' as 'u' in cut > 'aa' as 'a' in car > 'i' as 'i' in fit > 'ee' as 'ee' in feel > 'u' as 'u' in put > 'oo' as 'oo' in pool > 'e' as 'e' in bed > 'ai' as 'ei' in neighbour > 'o' as 'o' in mode > 'au' as 'ow' in how > > (b) Words ending with an 'a' should be pronounced as 'a' in 'car'. > > Examples : 'kya' = what > 'nateeja' = result > > (c) Guttural sounds (capital letters) : > > Examples : 'GH' as in 'GHam' = sorrow > 'KH' as in 'KHayaal' = thought > > (d) Use of 'N' for nasal sounds : > > Examples : 'maiN' = me > 'meiN' = in > 'aasmaaN' = sky > > (e) Note the distinction in usage between : > > (i) 'i' and 'ee' > > Examples : 'nigaah' = sight > 'nishaan' = mark/sign > 'teer' = arrow > 'hakeem' = physician/doctor > > (ii) 'k' and 'q' > > Examples : 'shauq' = fondness/desire > 'qaabil' = worthy > 'kamar' = waist > 'KHaak' = dust/ashes > > (iii) small and capital letters > > Examples : 't' as 't' in with > 'T' as 't' in metal > > ........................................................................... > > > 1. har ek baat pe kehte ho tum ke 'too kya hai' ? > tumheeN kaho ke yeh andaaz-e-guftgoo kya hai ? > > [ guftgoo = conversation ] > > 2. na shole meiN yeh karishma na barq meiN yeh ada > koee batao ki woh shoKH-e-tund_KHoo kya hai ? > > [ barq = lightning, tund = sharp/angry, KHoo = behavior ] > > 3. yeh rashk hai ki wo hota hai ham_suKHan tumse > wagarna KHauf-e-bad_aamozi-e-adoo kya hai ? > > [ rashk = jealousy, ham_suKHan = to speak together/to agree, > KHauf = fear, bad = bad/wicked, aamozee = education/teaching, > adoo = enemy ] > > 4. chipak raha hai badan par lahoo se pairaahan > hamaaree jeb ko ab haajat-e-rafoo kya hai ? > > [ pairaahan = shirt/robe/cloth, haajat = need/necessity, > rafoo = mending/darning ] > > 5. jalaa hai jicm jahaaN dil bhee jal gaya hoga > kuredate ho jo ab raakh, justjoo kya hai ? > > [ justjoo = desire ] > > 6. ragoN meiN dauDte firne ke ham naheeN qaayal > jab aaNkh hee se na Tapka to fir lahoo kya hai ? > > 7. woh cheez jiske liye hamko ho bahisht azeez > siwaay baada-e-gul_faam-e-mushkaboo kya hai ? > > [ bahisht (or bihisht, both are correct) = heaven, baada = wine, > gul_faam = delicate and fragrant like flowers, mushkaboo = like > the smell of musk ] > > 8. piyooN sharaab agar KHum bhee dekh looN do chaar > yeh sheesha-o-qadah-o-kooza-o-suboo kya hai ? > > [ KHum = wine barrel, qadah = goblet, kooza/suboo = wine pitcher ] > > 9. rahee na taaqat-e-guftaar, aur agar ho bhee > to kis ummeed pe kahiye ke aarzoo kya hai ? > > [ guftaar = speech/discourse ] > > 10. huaa hai shaah ka musaahib, fire hai itaraata > wagarna shehar meiN 'GHalib' kee aabroo kya hai ? > > [ musaahib = comrade/associate ] > > ............................................................................ > > > 1. husn-e-mah, garche ba_haNgaam-e-kamaal achcha hai > us'se mera mah-e-KHursheed-e-jamaal achcha hai > > [ mah = moon, KHursheed = sun, jamaal = beauty ] > > 2. bosa dete naheeN aur dil pe hai har lahja nigaah > jee meiN kehte haiN, muft aaye to maal achcha hai > > [ bosa = kiss ] > > 3. aur baazaar se le aaye agar TooT gaya > saaGHar-e-jam se mera jaam-e-sifaal achcha hai > > [ saaGHar-e-jam = Badshah Jamshed's cup, jaam-e-sifaal = clay cup ] > > 4. be_talab daiN to maza usme siwa milta hai > woh gada jisko na ho KHoo-e-sawaal achcha hai > > [ be_talab = without any enquiry, gada = beggar, KHoo = habit ] > > 5. unke dekhe se jo aa jaatee hai muNh par raunaq > woh samajhte haiN ke beemaar ka haal achcha hai > > 6. dekhiye paate haiN ushshaaq butoN se kya faiz ? > ik birahaman ne kaha hai, ke yeh saal achcha hai > > [ ushshaaq = lovers, faiz = profit ] > > 7. ham_suKHan teshe ne farhaad ko sheereeN se kiya > jis tarah ka bhee kisee meiN ho kamaal achcha hai > > [ ham_suKHan = together, tesha = axe ] > > 8. qatra dariya meiN jo mil jaaye to dariya ho jaaye > kaam achchaa hai woh, jiska ma'aal achcha hai > > [ ma'aal = result ] > > 9. KHijr SultaaN ko rakhe KHaaliq-e-akbar sar_sabz > shaah ke baaGH meiN yeh taaza nihaal achcha hai > > [ KHijr SultaaN = one of Badshah Zafar's son, KHaaliq = The Creator/ > God, akbar = greatest, sar_sabz = fertile, nihaal = tree ] > > 10. hamko ma'aloom hai jannat ki haqeeqat lekin > dil ke KHush rakhne ko, 'GHalib' yeh KHayaal achcha hai > > ........................................................................... > > > 1. GHair leiN mehfil meiN bose jaam ke > ham rahaiN yooN tishna_lab paiGHaam ke > > [ bosa = kiss, tishna = thirsty ] > > 2. KHastagee ka tumse kya shikwa ki ye > hathkanDe haiN charKH-e-neelee_faam ke > > [ KHastagee = injury/sickness, shikawa = complaint, > hathkanDe = tactics, charKH = sky, neelee_faam = blue colour/ > complexion ] > > 3. KHat likhenge garche matlab kuchch na ho > ham to aashiq haiN tumhaare naam ke > > 4. raat pee zamzam pe mai aur subh_dam > dhoye dhab'be jaam-e-'eharaam ke > > [ zamzam = a well in Kaba whose water is considered holy, > mai = wine, subh_dam = at dawn, 'eharaam = dress for 'haj' ] > > 5. dil ko aaNkhoN ne fasaaya kya magar > ye bhee halqe haiN tumhaare daam ke > > [ halqa = ring/circle, daam = net/trap ] > > 6. shaah ke haiN GHusl-e-sehat ko KHabar > dekhiye kab din fireiN hammaam ke > > [ GHusl = bath, sehat = health, hammaam = a hot bath where a masseur > gives massage and bath ] > > 7. ishq ne 'GHalib' nikamma kar diya > warna ham bhee aadmee the; kaam ke > > ............................................................................. > > > 1. naqsh fariyaadee hai kiskee shoKHee-e-tehreer ka > kaaGHazee hai pairhan har paikar-e-tasweer ka > > [ naqsh = copy/print, fariyaad = complaint, tehreer = hand > writing, kaaGHazee = delicate, pairhan = dress, > paikar = appearance ] > > 2. kaave-kaave saKHt_jaanee haay tanhaaee na pooch > subah karna shaam ka laana hai joo-e-sheer ka > > [ kaave-kaave = hard work, saKHt_jaanee = tough life, > joo = canal/stream, sheer = milk, joo-e-sheer = to create a > canal of milk, here means to perform an impossible task ] > > 3. jazba-e-be_iKHtiyaar-e-shauq dekha chaahiye > seena-e-shamsheer se baahar hai dam shamsheer ka > > [ iKHtiyaar = authority/power, shamsheer = sword ] > > 4. aagahee daam-e-shuneedan jis qadar chaahe bichaaye > mudda'a 'anqa hai apne aalam-e-taqreer ka > > [ aagahee = knowledge/intution, daam = net/trap, > shuneed = conversation, 'anqa = rare, aalam = world/universe, > taqreer = speech/discourse ] > > 5. bus ke hooN 'GHalib' aseeree meiN bhee aatish zer-e-pa > moo-e-aatish_deeda hai halqa meree zanjeer ka > > [ aseeree = imprisonment/captivity, zer-e-pa = under the feet, > moo = hair, aatish_deeda = roasted on fire, halqa = ring/circle ] > > ............................................................................ > > > 1. kabhee nekee bhee uske jee meiN gar aa jaaye hai mujhse > jafaayeN karke apnee yaad sharma jaaye hai mujhse > > [ jafaayeN = opression/tyranny of a beloved ] > > 2. KHudaaya ! jazbaa-e-dil kee magar taaseer ulTee hai > ki jitna khiNtchataa hooN aur khiNtchtaa jaaye hai mujhse > > [ jazbaa-e-dil = emotions, taaseer = impression ] > > 3. woh bad_KHoo aur meree daastan-e-ishq tulaanee > ibaarat muKHtasar, qaasid bhee ghabra jaaye hai mujhse > > [ bad_KHoo = bad habits, tulaanee = long, ibaarat = diction/ > admonishing, muKHtasar = concise, qaasid = messenger ] > > 4. udhar woh bad_GHumaanee hai, idhar yeh naatavaanee hai > na poocha jaaye hai us'se, na bola jaaye hai mujhse > > [ badGHumaanee = suspicion, naatavaanee = weakness ] > > 5. sambhalne de mujhe 'ei na_ummidee kya qayaamat hai > ki daamaan-e-KHayaal-e-yaar chooTa jaaye hai mujhse > > 6. takalluf bartaraf nazzaaragee meiN bhee sahi, lekin > woh dekha jaaye, kab ye zulm dekha jaaye hai mujhse > > [ taqalluf = hesitation/formality, bartaraf = suspend ] > > 7. hue haiN paaNv hee pehle nabard-e-ishq meiN zaKHmee > na bhaaga jaaye hai mujhse, na Thehra jaaye hai mujhse > > [ nabard-e-ishaq = struggle in love ] > > 8. qayaamat hai ke howe muddaee ka ham_safar 'GHalib' > woh kaafir, jo KHuda ko bhee na sauNpa jaaye hai mujhse > > > ....................................................................... > > > 1. dil se teree nigaah jigar tak utar gayee > donoN ko ik adaa meiN razaamand kar gayee > > 2. shaq ho gaya hai seena, KHushee lazzat-e-firaaq > takleef-e-pardaadaari-e-zaKHm-e-jigar gayee > > [ shaq = crack/split, firaaq = separation, > pardaadaaree = to hide, esp. fault ] > > 3. woh baada-e-shabaana kee sar mastiyaaN kahaaN ? > uThiye bas ab ki lazzat-e-KHwaab-e-sahar gayee > > [ baada = wine, shabaana = night, sahar = morning ] > > 4. uDtee fire hai KHaak meree koo-e-yaar se > baare ab 'ei hawa, hawas-e- baal-o-par gayee > > [ baare = at last, koo-e-yaar = lover's street ] > > 5. dekhooN to dil_farebi-e-andaaz-e-naqsh-e-pa > mauj-e-KHiraam-e-yaar bhee kya gul katar gayee > > [ dil_fareb = heart alluring, naqsh = copy/print, pa = leg, > mauj = wave/enjoyment, KHiraam = speed ] > > 6. har bulhawas ne husn_parastee shiaar kee > ab aabru-e-sheva-e-'ehl-e-nazar gayee > > [ bulhawas = greedy, husn_parastee = to appreciate beauty, > shiaar = habit, aabru = respect/honour, sheva = manner/habit ] > > 7. nazzaare ne bhee kaam kiya waaN naqaab ka > mastee se har nigaah tere ruKH par bikhar gayee > > 8. farda-o-dee ka tafarqa yak baar mit gaya > kal tum gaye ke ham pe qayaamat guzar gayee > > [ farda = yesterday, dee = tomorrow, tafarqa = difference ] > > 9. maara zamaane ne 'Asadullah KHaaN' tumhe > woh walwale kahaaN, woh jawaanee kidhar gayee ? > > [ walwale = enthusiasm ] > > ...................................................................... > > 1. miltee hai KHoo-e-yaar se naar iltihaab meiN > kaafir hooN gar na miltee ho raahat 'azaab meiN > > [ KHoo-e-yaar = lover's nature/behavior/habit, naar = fire, > iltihaab = flame, 'azaab = sorrow ] > > 2. kab se hooN, kya bataaooN jahaan-e-KHaraab meiN ? > shab haaye hijr ko bhee rakhooN gar hisaab meiN > > [ jahaan-e-KHaraab = world of problems, shab = night, > hijr = separation ] > > 3. taa fir na intezaar meiN neeNd aaye 'umr bhar > aane ka 'ahad kar gaye aaye jo KHwaab meiN > > [ taa = so that, 'ahad = promise ] > > 4. qaasid ke aate-aate KHat ik aur likh rakhooN > maiN jaanta hooN jo woh likhenge jawaab meiN > > [ qaasid = messenger ] > > 5. mujh tak kab unkee bazm meiN aata tha daur-e-jaam > saaqee ne kuchch mila na diya ho sharaab meiN > > [ bazm = meeting/"mehafil", saaqee = bar tender ] > > 6. jo munkir-e-wafa ho fareb us pe kya chale ? > kyooN badGHumaaN hooN dost se dushman ke baab meiN ? > > [ munkir-e-wafa = one who denies loyalty, fareb = illusion/fraud > badGHumaaN = suspicious, baab = company ] > > 7. maiN muztarib hooN wasl meiN KHauf-e-raqeeb se > Daala hai tumko weham ne kis pech-o-taab meiN > > [ muztarib = anxious/disturbed, wasl = meeting with the lover, > KHauf = fear, raqeeb = opponent, pech-o-taab = predicament ] > > 8. mai aur haz'z-e-wasl, KHudaa_saaz baat hai > jaaN nazr denee bhool gaya iztiraab meiN > > [ mai = bar, haz'z-e-wasl = joy of meeting, KHudaa_saaz = god's gift, > iztiraab = anxiety ] > > 9. hai tevaree chaDee huee andar naqaab ke > hai ik shikan paDee huee tarf-e-naqaab meiN > > [ shikan = wrinkle, tarf = eyelid ] > > 10. laakhauN lagaav, ik churaana nigaah ka > laakhauN banaav, ik bigaaDna itaab meiN > > [ itaab = anger ] > > 11. woh naala_dil meiN KHas ke baraabar jagah na paaye > jis naale se shigaaf paDe aaftaab meiN > > [ naala_dil = crying heart, KHas = hay/grass, shigaaf = crack, > aaftaab = sun/face ] > > 12. woh sehar muddaa talbee meiN na kaam aaye > jis sehar se safina ravaaN ho saraab meiN > > [ sehar = magic, muddaa talbee = fulfillment of a desire, > safina = boat, ravaaN = move, saraab = mirage ] > > 13. 'GHalib' chutee sharaab, par ab bhee kabhee-kabhee > peeta hooN roz-e-abr -o- shab-e-maahtaab meiN > > [ abr = clouds, roz-e-abr = cloudy day, maahtaab = moon ] > > ....................................................................... > > > 1. daayam paDa huaa tere dar par naheeN hooN maiN > KHaak 'eisee zindagee pe ke patthar naheeN hooN maiN > > [ daayam = always ] > > 2. kyooN gardish-e-mudaam se ghabra na jaaye dil ? > insaan hooN, pyaala-o-saaGHar naheeN hooN maiN > > [ gardish = bad time/luck, mudaam = always ] > > 3. yaarab ! zamaana mujhko miTaata hai kis liye ? > loh-e-jahaaN pe harf-e-muqarrar naheeN hooN maiN > > [ harf = alphabet, muqarrar = again ] > > 4. had chaahiye saza meiN uqoobat ke waaste > aaKHir gunaahagaar hooN, kaafir naheeN hooN maiN > > [ uqoobat = pain ] > > 5. kis waaste 'azeez naheeN jaante mujhe ? > laal-o-zumarrud-o-zar-o-gauhar naheeN hooN maiN > > [ laal = a kind of gem, zumurrud = green colored gem, > zar = gold, gauhar = gem ] > > 6. rakhte ho tum qadam meree aaNkhoN se kya dareGH > rutbe meiN mehar-o-maah se kamtar naheeN hooN maiN > > [ dareGH = regret/grief, mehar = sun, maah = moon ] > > 7. karte ho mujhko man'a-e-qadam_bos kis liye ? > kya aasmaan ke bhee baraabar naheeN hooN maiN ? > > [ bosa = kiss ] > > 8. 'GHalib' wazifaa_KHwaar ho, do shaah ko duaa > woh din gaye ki kehte the;, "naukar naheeN hooN maiN" > > [ wazifaa_KHawaar = pensioner ] > > ...................................................................... > > > 1. dil-e-naadaaN tujhe huaa kya hai ? > aaKHir is dard kee dawa kya hai > > 2. ham haiN mushtaaq aur woh bezaar > ya ilaahee ! yeh maajra kya hai ? > > [ mushtaaq = interested, bezaar = displeased/sick of ] > > 3. maiN bhee muNh meiN zabaan rakhta hooN > kaash ! poocho ki "muddaa kya hai" ? > > 4. jab ki tujh bin naheeN koee maujood > fir ye hangaama, 'ei KHuda ! kya hai > > 5. ye paree chehara log kaise haiN ? > GHamza-o-ishwa-o-'adaa kya hai ? > > [ paree chehara = angel faced, GHamza = amorous glance, > ishwa = coquetry ] > > 6. shikan-e-zulf-e-ambaree kyoN hai ? > nigah-e-chashm-e-soorma sa kya hai ? > > [ shikan = wrinkel/fold, ambaree = fragrance, chashm = eye ] > > 7. sabja-o-gul kahaaN se aaye haiN ? > abr kya cheez hai, hawa kya hai ? > > [ abr = clouds ] > > 8. hamko unse wafa ki hai ummeed > jo naheeN jaante wafa kya hai > > 9. "haaN bhala kar tera bhala hoga" > aur darvesh kee sada kya hai ? > > [ darvesh = beggar, sada = voice ] > > 10. jaan tum par nisaar karta hooN > maiN naheeN jaanata duaa kya hai > > 11. maiNe maana ki kuchch naheeN 'GHalib' > muft haath aaye to bura kya hai ? > > .......................................................................... > > > 1. woh aake KHwaab meiN taskeen-e-iztiraab to de > wale mujhe tapish-e-dil, mazaal-e-KHwaab to de > > [ taskeen = satisfaction, iztiraab = anxiety, tapish = burn/passion, > mazaal = strength ] > > 2. kare hai qatl lagaawat meiN tera ro dena > teree tarah koee teGH-e-nigah ko aab to de > > [ lagaawat = affection, tegh = sword, aab = cool ] > > 3. dikhaake jumbish-e-lab hee tamaam kar hamko > na de jo bosa, to muNh se kaheeN jawaab to de > > [ jumbish = motion/vibration, bosa = kiss ] > > 4. pila de oak se saaqee jo hamse nafrat hai > pyaala gar naheeN deta na de, sharaab to de > > [ oak = palm of the hand contracted so as to hold water ] > > 5. 'Asad' KHushee se mere haath paaNv phool gaye > kaha jo usne zara mere paaNv daab to de > > .......................................................................... > > > 1. ghar jab bana liya hai tere dar par kahe baGHair > jaanega ab bhee too na mera ghar kahe baGHair > > 2. kehte haiN, jab rahee na mujhe taaqat-e-suKHan > jaanooN kisee ke dil ki maiN kyoNkar kahe baGHair > > [ taaqat-e-suKHan = strength to speak ] > > 3. kaam us'se aa paDa hai ki jiska jahaan meiN > lewe na koee naam 'sitamgar' kahe baGHair > > [ sitamgar = oppressor ] > > 4. jee meiN hee kuchch naheeN hai hamaare, wagarna ham > sar jaaye ya rahe, na rahaiN par kahe baGHair > > 5. choDooNga maiN na us but-e-kaafir ka poojna > choDe na KHalq go mujhe kaafir kahe baGHair > > [ but = idol/lover, KHalq = world ] > > 6. maqsad hai naaz-o-GHamza, wale guftagoo meiN kaam > chalta naheeN hai, dashna-o-KHanjar kahe baGHair > > [ GHamza = amorous glance, dashna = dagger ] > > 7. har chand ho mushaahit-e-haq ki guftagoo > bantee naheeN hai baada-o-saaGHar kahe baGHair > > [ mushaahit = God, baada = wine ] > > 8. behra hooN maiN to chaahiye doona ho iltafaat > sunta naheeN hooN baat muqarrar kahe baGHair > > [ iltafaat = mercy, muqarrar = again ] > > 9. 'GHalib' na kar huzoor meiN too baar-baar 'arz > zaahir hai tera haal sab un par kahe baGHair > > ........................................................................... > > > 1. shauq har rang raqeeb-e-sar-o-saamaaN niklaa > qais tasveer ke parde meiN bhee uriyaaN niklaa > > [ raqeeb = opponent, sar-o-saamaaN = with belongings, > qais = 'majanooN', uriyaaN = nude ] > > 2. zaKHm ne daad na dee, tangee-e-dil ki yaarab ! > teer bhee seena-e-bismil se par_afshaaN niklaa > > [ daad = justice, seena-e-bismil = wounded heart, par = wings, > afshaaN = rattle ] > > 3. boo-e-gul, naala-e-dil, dood-e-charaaGH-e-mehfil > jo teree bazm se nikla, so parishaaN niklaa > > [ boo = fragrance, gul = flower, naalaa = cry, dood = smoke, esp. > from a lamp that's been extinguished ] > > 4. thee nau_aamoz_fana'a himmat-e-dushwaar_pasand > saKHt mushkil hai ki yah kaam bhee aasaaN nikla > > [ nau_aamoz = beginner, dushwaar = difficult ] > > 5. dil meiN fir giryaaN ne ik shor uThaaya 'GHalib' > aah jo qatra na nikla tha, so toofaaN nikla > > [ giryaaN = weeping, qatra = drop ] > > ........................................................................... > > > 1. 'arz-e-niyaaz-e-ishq ke qaabil naheeN raha > jis dil pe naaz tha mujhe wo dil naheeN raha > > [ niyaaz = desire/an offering ] > > 2. jaata hooN daaGH-e-hasarat-e-hastee liye hue > hooN shamma'a_kushta darKHur-e-mehfil naheeN raha > > [ hastee = life/existence, shamma'a_kushta = extinguished lamp, > darKHur = worthy ] > > 3. marne ki 'ei dil aur hee tadabeer kar ki maiN > shaayaan-e-dast-o-baazu-e-qaatil naheeN rahaa > > [ tadabeer = solution/remedy, shaayaan = worthy, dast = hand, > baazoo = shoulder ] > > 4. bararoo-e-shash jihat dar-e-aaina_baaz hai > yaaN imtiaz-e-naakis-o-qaamil naheeN rahaa > > [ bararoo = in front, shash = six, jihat = direction, > imtiaz = distinction, naakis = cunning, qaamil = intelligent ] > > 5. waa kar diye haiN shauq ne band-e-naqaab-e-husn > GHair_az nigaah ab koee haayal naheeN raha > > [ waa = open, GHair_az = other than, haayal = obstacle ] > > 6. go maiN raha, rahee na sitam haaye rozgaar > lekin tere KHayaal se GHaafil naheeN raha > > [ sitam = oppression, GHaafil = unaware/careless ] > > 7. dil se hawa-e-kisht-e-wafa miT gayee ki waaN > haasil siwaay hasrat-e-haasil naheeN raha > > 8. bedaad-e-ishq se naheeN Darta magar 'Asad' > jis dil pe naaz tha mujhe wo dil naheeN raha > > [ bedaad = injustice ] > > ............................................................................ > > > 1. na tha kuchch to KHuda tha, kuchch na hota to KHuda hota > duboya mujhko hone ne, na hota maiN to kya hota ? > > 2. huaa jab GHam se yooN behis to GHam kya sar ke kaTne ka > na hota gar juda tan se to zaanooN par dhaRa hota > > [ behis = shocked/stunned, zaanooN = knee ] > > 3. huee muddat ke 'GHalib' mar gaya par yaad aata hai > wo har ek baat pe kehana, ke yooN hota to kya hota ? > > [ muddat = duration/period ] > > ............................................................................ > > 1. hazaaroN KHwahishaiN 'eisee ke har KHwahish pe dam nikle > bohot nikle mere armaaN lekin fir bhee kam nikle > > 2. Dare kyooN mera qaatil kya rahega uskee gardan par > wo KHooN, jo chashm-e-tar se 'umr bhar yooN dam_ba_dam nikle > > [ KHooN = blood, chashm = eye, tar = wet, dam_ba_dam = continously ] > > 3. nikalna KHuld se aadam ka sunte aayaiN haiN lekin > bohot be_aabru hokar tere kooche se ham nikle > > [ KHuld = heaven, be_aabaru = disgrace, koocha = street ] > > 4. bharam khul jaaye zaalim tere qaamat ki daraazee ka > agar is turra-e-pur_pech-o-KHam ka pech-o-KHam nikle > > [ daraazee = length/delay, qaamat = stature, turra = an ornamental > tassel worn in the turban, pech-o-KHam = curls in the > hair/complexity ] > > 5. magar likhwaaye koee usko KHat, to hamse likhawaaye > huee subah aur ghar se kaan par rakhkar qalam nikle > > 6. huee is daur meiN mansoob mujhse baada_aashaamee > fir aaya wo zamaana, jo jahaaN se jaam-e-jam nikle > > [ mansoob = association, baada_aashaamee = association with > drinking ] > > 7. huee jinse tavaqqo KHastagee kee daad paane kee > wo hamse bhee ziyaada KHasta-e-teGH-e-sitam nikle > > [ tavaqqo = expectation, KHastagee = weakness, daad = justice, > KHasta = broken/sick/injured, teGH = sword, sitam = cruelity ] > > 8. mohabbat meiN naheeN hai farq jeene aur marne kaa > usee ko dekh kar jeete haiN jis kaafir pe dam nikle > > 9. zara kar jor seene par ki teer-e-pursitam nikle > jo wo nikle to dil nikle, jo dil nikle to dam nikle > > 10. KHuda ke waaste parda na kaabe se uThaa zaalim > kaheeN 'eisa na ho yaaN bhee wohee kaafir sanam nikle > > 11. kahaaN maiKHaane ka darwaaza 'GHalib' aur kahaaN waaiz > par itana jaante haiN kal wo jaata tha ke ham nikle > > [ waaiz = preacher/advisor ] > > ......................................................................... > > > 1. ye jo ham hijr meiN deewaar-o-dar ko dekhte haiN > kabhee saba ko kabhee naamaabar ko dekhte haiN > > [ hijr = separation, dar = door, saba = wind, > naamaabar = messanger ] > > 2. woh aaye ghar meiN hamaare KHuda ki kudrat hai > kabhee ham unko, kabhee apane ghar ko dekhte haiN > > 3. nazar lage na kaheeN uske dast-o-baazoo ko > ye log kyoN mere zaKHm-e-jigar ko dekhtaiN haiN ? > > [ dast-o-baazoo = hands & shoulders ] > > 4. tere jawaahir-e-tarf-e-kulah ko kya dekhaiN ? > ham auj-e-taal'a-e-laal-o-guhar ko dekhte haiN > > [ jawaahir = jewels, tarf = golden belt, kulah = crown, > auj = height/position, taal'a = luck, laal-o-guhar = diamonds > & pearls ] > > .......................................................................... > > > 1. koee din gar zindagaanee aur hai > apne jee meiN hamne THaanee aur hai > > 2. aatish-e-dozaKH meiN ye garmee kahaaN > soz-e-GHam haay nihaanee aur hai > > [ dozaKH = hell, soz = passion/heat, nihaanee = internal/hidden ] > > 3. baarha dekhee haiN unkee ranjishaiN > par kuchch ab ke sar_giraanee aur hai > > [ sar_giraanee = pride ] > > 4. deke KHat muNh dekhta hai naamabar > kuchch to paiGHaam-e-zabaanee aur hai > > [ naamabar = messenger ] > > 5. qaata-e-'amaar hai aksar nujoom > woh balaa-e-aasmaanee aur hai > > [ qaata-e-'amaar = killers, nujoom = stars, > balaa-e-aasmaanee = natural calamity ] > > 6. ho chukeeN 'GHalib' balaayeN sab tamaam > ek marg-e-naagahaanee aur hai > > [ balaayeN = calamities, marg = death, naagahaanee = sudden/ > accidental ] > > ............................................................................. > > > 1. aah ko chaahiye ik 'umr asar hone tak > kaun jeeta hai teree zulf ke sar hone tak ? > > 2. daam har mauj meiN hai halqa-e-sad_kaam-e-nahaNg > dekhaiN kya guzre hai qatre pe guhar hone tak > > [ daam = net/trap, mauj = wave, halqa = ring/circle, sad = hundred, > nahaNg = crocadile, sad_kaam-e-nahaNg = crocadile with a hundred > jaws, guhar = pearl ] > > 3. aashiqee sabr talab aur tamanna betaab > dil ka kya rang karooN KHoon-e-jigar hone tak ? > > [ sabr = patience, talab = search ] > > 4. ham ne maana ke taGHaful na karoge, lekin > KHaak ho jaayeNge ham tumko KHabar hone tak > > [ taGHaful = neglect/ignore ] > > 5. partav-e-khur se hai shabnam ko fana'a ki taaleem > maiN bhee hooN ik inaayat ki nazar hone tak > > [ partav-e-khur = sun's reflection/light/image, shabnam = dew, > fana'a = mortality, inaayat = favour ] > > 6. yak_nazar besh naheeN fursat-e-hastee GHaafil > garmi-e-bazm hai ik raqs-e-sharar hone tak > > [ besh = too much/lots, fursat-e-hastee = duration of life, > GHaafil = careless, raqs = dance, sharar = flash/fire ] > > 7. GHam-e-hastee ka 'Asad' kis'se ho juz marg ilaaz > shamma'a har rang meiN jaltee hai sahar hone tak > > [ hastee = life/existence, juz = other than, marg = death, > sahar = morning ] > > ............................................................................ > > > 1. meherabaaN hoke bula lo mujhe chaaho jis waqt > maiN gaya waqt naheeN hooN ke fir aa bhee na sakooN > > 2. zauf meiN taana-e-aGHayaar ka shikawa kya hai ? > baat kuchch sar to naheeN hai ke uTha bhee na sakooN > > [ zauf = weakness, taana = taunt, aGHayaar = enemy, > shikawa = complaint ] > > 3. zehar milta hee naheeN mujhko sitamgar, warana > kya qasam hai tere milne kee, ke kha bhee na sakooN > > [ sitamgar = oppressor ] > > ......................................................................... > > > 1. baazeechaa-e-atfaal hai duniya mere aage > hota hai shab-o-roz tamaasha mere aage > > [ baazeechaa = play/sport, atfaal = children ] > > 2. ik khel hai auraNg-e-sulemaaN mere nazdeek > ik baat hai 'eijaz-e-maseeha mere aage > > [ auraNg = throne, 'eijaz = miracle ] > > 3. juz naam naheeN soorat-e-aalam mujhe manzoor > juz waham naheeN hastee-e-ashiya mere aage > > [ juz = other than, aalam = world, hastee = existence, > ashiya = things/items ] > > 4. hota hai nihaaN gard meiN sehara mere hote > ghisata hai jabeeN KHaak pe dariya mere aage > > [ nihaaN = hidden, gard = dust, sehara = desert, jabeeN = forehead ] > > 5. mat pooch ke kya haal hai mera tere peeche ? > too dekh ke kya rang tera mere aage > > 6. sach kahte ho, KHudbeen-o-KHud_aaraa na kyoN hooN ? > baiTha hai but-e-aainaa_seemaa mere aage > > [ KHudbeen = proud/arrogant, KHud_aaraa = self adorer, > but = beloved, aainaa_seemaa = like the face of a mirror ] > > 7. fir dekhiye andaaz-e-gul_afshaani-e-guftaar > rakh de koee paimaanaa-o-sahba mere aage > > [ gul_afshaanee = to scatter flowers, guftaar = speech/discourse, > sahaba = wine, esp. red wine ] > > 8. nafrat ka gumaaN guzare hai, maiN rashk se guzaraa > kyoN kar kahooN, lo naam na uska mere aage > > [ gumaaN = doubt, rashk = envy ] > > 9. imaaN mujhe roke hai jo khiNche hai mujhe kufr > ka'aba mere peeche hai kaleesa mere aage > > [ kufr = impiety, kaleesa = church/cathedral ] > > 10. aashiq hooN, pe maashooq_farebee hai mera kaam > majnooN ko bura kehti hai laila mere aage > > [ farebee = a fraud/cheat ] > > 11. KHush hote haiN par wasl meiN yoN mar naheeN jaate > aayee shab-e-hijaraaN ki tamanna mere aage > > [ hijr = separation ] > > 12. hai mauj_zan ik qulzum-e-KHooN, kaash, yahee ho > aata hai abhee dekhiye kya-kya mere aage > > [ mauj_zan = exciting, qulzum = sea, KHooN = blood ] > > 13. go haath ko jumbish naheeN aaNhoN meiN to dam hai > rehne do abhee saaGHar-o-meena mere aage > > [ jumbish = movement/vibration, saaGHar-o-meena = goblet ] > > 14. ham_pesha-o-ham_masharb-o-ham_raaz hai mera > 'GHalib' ko bura kyoN kaho achchaa mere aage ! > > [ ham_pesha = of the same profession, ham_masharb = of the > same habits/a fellow boozer, ham_raaz = confidant ] > > .......................................................................... > > > 1. fir kuchch is dil ko beqaraaree hai > seena zoya-e-zaKHm-e-kaaree hai > > [ zoya = searcher, zaKHm-e-kaaree = deep wound ] > > 2. fir jigar khodane laga naaKHun > aamad-e-fasl-e-laala_qaaree hai > > [ aamad = arrival, fasl = season/harvest ] > > 3. qibla-e-maqsad-e-nigaah-e-niyaaz > fir wahee parda-e-'amaaree hai > > [ niyaaz = desire, 'amaaree = rider's seat with a canopy on an > elephant or camel ] > > 4. chashm-e-dallaal -e- jins-e-ruswaaee > dil KHareedaar-e-zauq-e-KHwaaree hai > > [ chashm = eye, jins = things/items, zauq = taste ] > > 5. wohee sad_rang naala farsaayee > wohee sad_goona ashq_baaree hai > > [ sad = hundred, naala farsaayee = lamenter, sad_goona = hundred > times, ashq_baaree = lamentation ] > > 6. dil hawa-e-KHiraam-e-naaz se fir > mahshristaan-e-beqaraaree hai > > [ KHiraam = speed, mahshar = the last day/"qayaamat ka din", > mahshristaan = place of the last day ] > > 7. jalwa fir arz-e-naaz karta hai > roz-e-baazaar-e-jaaN_sipaaree hai > > [ jalwa = splendour, jaaN_sipaaree = resigning one's life into > the hands of another ] > > 8. fir usee bewafa pe marte haiN > fir wohee zindagee hamaaree hai > > 9. fir khula hai dar-e-adaalat-e-naaz > garm baazaar-e-fauj_daaree hai > > [ dar = abode, fauj_daaree = military court ] > > 10. ho raha hai jahaan meiN andher > zulf kee fir sarishta_daaree hai > > [ sarishta_daaree = a regulator's position ] > > 11. fir kiya paara-e-jigar ne sawaal > ek fariyaad-o-aah-o-zaaree hai > > [ paara = fragment ] > > 12. fir hue haiN gawaah-e-ishq talab > ashq_baaree ka hukm_zaaree hai > > [ talab = search/desire/request, ashq_baaree = lamentation ] > > 13. dil-o-mizhgaaN ka jo muqadamaa tha > aaj fir uskee roob_qaaree hai > > [ mizhgaaN = eyelids, roob_qaaree = to put the mind into work ] > > 14. be_KHudee be_sabab naheeN 'GHalib' > kuchch to hai jiskee pardaadaaree hai > > [ be_KHudee = rapture, be_sabab = without any reason, > pardaadaaree = to hide, esp. fault ] > > .......................................................................... > > > 1. rone se aur ishq meiN be_baak ho gaye > dhoye gaye ham 'eise ki bas paak ho gaye > > [ be_baak = outspoken/bold, paak = pure/clean/holy ] > > 2. sarf-e-baha-e-mai hue aalaat-e-maikashee > the; ye hee do hisaab, so yoN paak ho gaye > > [ sarf = expenditure, baha = value/price, mai = bar, > aalaat = instruments/apparatus, maikashee = boozing ] > > 3. ruswa-e-dahar go hue aawaargee se tum > baare tabeeyatoN ke to chaalaak ho gaye > > [ dahar = world, baare = atlast ] > > 4. kehta hai kaun naala-e-bulbul ko be_asar > parde meiN gul ke laakh jigar chaak ho gaye > > [ chaak = slit/torn ] > > 5. pooche hai kya wujood-o-adam 'ehl-e-shauq ka > aap apnee aag se KHas-o-KHaashaak ho gaye > > [ wujood = existence, adam = non existence, > KHas-o-Khaashaak = destroyed ] > > 6. karne gaye the; usse taGHaaful ka ham gila > kee ek hee nigaah ki bas KHaak ho gaye > > [ taGHaaful = negligence, gila = complaint, KHaak = dust/ashes ] > > 7. is DHang se uTHaayee kal usne 'Asad' ki laash > dushman bhee jisko dekhke GHamnaak ho gaye > > [ GHamnaak = grief stricken ] > > .......................................................................... > > > 1. woh firaaq aur woh wisaal kahaaN ? > woh shab-o-roz-o-maah-o-saal kahaaN ? > > [ firaaq = separation, wisaal = meeting, shab = night, > roz = day, maah = month, saal = year ] > > 2. fursat-e-kaarobaar-e-shauq kise ? > zauq-e-nazzaraa-e-jamaal kahaaN ? > > [ zauq = delight/joy, jamaal = beauty ] > > 3. dil to dil wo dimaaGH bhee na rahaa > shor-e-sauda-e-KHatt-o-KHaal kahaaN ? > > 4. thee woh ik shaKHs ke tasavvur se > ab woh raanaai-e-KHayaal kahaaN ? > > [ tasavvur = imagination, raanaai-e-KHayaal = tender thoughts ] > > 5. 'eisa aasaaN naheeN lahoo rona > dil meiN taaqat jigar meiN haal kahaaN ? > > [ haal = spiritual ecstasy ] > > 6. hamse chooTa qamaar_KHaana-e-ishq > waaN jo jawaiN, girah meiN maal kahaaN ? > > [ qamaar_khaana = casino, girah = knot/joint ] > > 7. fikr-e-duniyaaN meiN sar khapaata hooN > maiN kahaaN aur ye wabaal kahaaN ? > > [ wabaal = calamity ] > > 8. muzmahil ho gaye quwa'a 'GHalib' > wo anaasir meiN 'eitdaal kahaaN ? > > [ muzmahil = exhausted/idle, quwa'a = limbs, anaasir = elements, > 'eitdaal = moderation ] > > ........................................................................ > > > 1. ye na thee hamaaree qismat ke wisaal-e-yaar hota > agar aur jeete rehte yahee ...
Re: Meaning of Ghazal and some ghazals by Ghalib.
Author: Amit
Date: Wed, 27 Dec 2017 15:03
Date: Wed, 27 Dec 2017 15:03
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Very informative write-up from Mr. Harish Kuram. Thanks for your gift to the Ghazal/Ghalib fans
Re: Meaning of Ghazal and some ghazals by Ghalib.
Author: Srini Vedam
Date: Sat, 08 Jul 2023 18:22
Date: Sat, 08 Jul 2023 18:22
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On Wednesday, December 27, 2017 at 3:03:36 PM UTC-8, Amit wrote: > Very informative write-up from Mr. Harish Kuram. > Thanks for your gift to the Ghazal/Ghalib fans Yes , absolutely. thank you for the poster !
Re: Meaning of Ghazal and some ghazals by Ghalib.
Author: Babar Imam
Date: Tue, 08 Aug 2023 08:08
Date: Tue, 08 Aug 2023 08:08
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>4. In modern Urdu poetry, there are lots of Ghazal's which do >NOT follow the restriction of same 'Beher' on both the lines >of Sher. [ My example in 'Maqta', the Sher by Shakil, is one. ] >But even in these Ghazal's, 'Kaafiyaa' and 'Radif' are present. Greetings Harish ji, I read the entire post and it is really very informative as it delves into the nuances of Ghazal and differentiates it from other genres in Urdu poetry. Thank you. However, the point no.4 under "Exceptions" is a bit misleading. All the misras in a Ghazal HAVE TO follow the same baHr. The example of Shakil that you have cited does not have 2 different baHr. jab bhi milte hain, to kehte hain, "kaise ho 'Shakil'", iske aage to koi baat nahin hoti hai The first misra is missing a "kih" which might have caused the confusion. jab bhi milte hain to kahte hain kih "kaise ho Shakeel" The first misra is "ramal musamman maKHbuun mahzuuf 2122 1122 1122 112", while the second misra is "ramal musamman maKHbuun mahzuuf maqtuu3 2122 1122 1122 22". These are not considered 2 different baHr, but rather 2 variations that this baHr is allowed (as demonstrated in your example) because it doesn't dampen the rhythm. The last rukn in this baHr can alternate between 22 and 112. (The first rukn can also switch from 2122 to 1122 without affecting the rhythm) And lastly, this is not a feature of modern Urdu poetry, rather it has always been a part of Urdu and Farsi ghazal since a very long time. Quoting Meer here for reference: meer ham mil ke bahut KHush hue tum se pyaare is KHaraabe meiN meri jaan tum aabaad raho Regards, Babar
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